Whitewater Township covers an area of 36.5 square miles and contains no incorporated settlements. It contains thirteen cemeteries: Baker, Estes, Gladish, Kurre, Mayfield, Miller, Old Caney Fork, Old Niswonger, Riehn, Schmidt, Snyder, Wilkinson and Wise.
The streams of Caney Fork, Crawford Creek, Dry Creek, Little Muddy Creek, Panther Creek, Sandy Branch and Wolf Creek run through this township.