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Subgenus Quercus
Section Quercus
The white oaks (synonym sect. Lepidobalanus). Europe, Asia, north Africa, North America. Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.
- Quercus alba - White Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus aliena - Oriental White Oak - eastern Asia
- Quercus arizonica - Arizona White Oak # - southwestern U.S., nw. Mexico
- Quercus austrina - Bluff Oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus berberidifolia - California Scrub Oak # - California
- Quercus bicolor - Swamp White Oak - eastern & midwestern North America
- Quercus boyntonii - Boynton's Post Oak - south central North America
- Quercus chapmannii - Chapmann Oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus cornelius-mulleri - Muller Oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus copeyensis - # - Costa Rica, Panama
- Quercus dalechampii - southeastern Europe
- Quercus depressipes - Davis Mountain Oak # - Texas
- Quercus dilatata - Moru Oak # - Himalaya
- Quercus douglasii - Blue Oak - California
- Quercus dumosa - Coastal Scrub Oak # - southern California
- Quercus durata - Leather Oak # - California
- Quercus engelmannii - Engelmann Oak # - southwestern California
- Quercus faginea - Portuguese oak # - southwestern Europe
- Quercus fusiformis - Texas Live Oak or Plateau Live Oak # - south central North America
- Quercus gambelii - Gambel Oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus garryana - Oregon White Oak or Garry Oak - western North America
- Quercus geminata - Sand Live Oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus grisea - Gray Oak # - south central North America
- Quercus havardii - Havard Oak, Shin Oak - south central North America
- Quercus hinckleyi - Hinckley Oak # - Texas, northwestern Mexico
- Quercus hondurensis - Honduras Oak # - Honduras
- Quercus ilex - Holly Oak or Holm Oak # - southern Europe, northwestern Africa
- Quercus intricata - Coahuila Scrub Oak # - two isolated localities in west Texas, northern Mexico
- Quercus john-tuckeri - Tucker's Oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus laceyi - Lacey Oak - Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern Mexico
- Quercus lanata - Woolly-leaved Oak # - Himalaya
- Quercus leucotrichophora - Banj Oak # - Himalaya
- Quercus lobata - Valley Oak or California White Oak - California
- Quercus lusitanica - Gall Oak or Lusitanian Oak - Iberia, North Africa
- Quercus lyrata - Overcup Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus macrocarpa - Bur Oak - eastern and central North America
- Quercus mohriana - Mohr Oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus michauxii - Swamp Chestnut Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus minima - Dwarf Live Oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus mongolica - Mongolian Oak - eastern Asia
- Quercus montana - Chestnut Oak - eastern North America (syn. Q. prinus)
- Quercus muhlenbergii - Chinkapin Oak - eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico
- Quercus oblongifolia - Mexican Blue Oak # - southwestern U.S., nw. Mexico
- Quercus oglethorpensis - Oglethorpe Oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus peduncularis - # - Central America
- Quercus petraea - Sessile Oak - Europe
- Quercus polymorpha - Monterrey Oak # - Mexico and extreme S. Texas
- Quercus prinoides - Dwarf Chinkapin Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus pubescens - Downy Oak - Europe
- Quercus pungens - Sandpaper Oak # - south central North America
- Quercus robur - Pedunculate Oak or English Oak - Europe, West Asia
- Quercus rugosa - Netleaf Oak # - southwestern U.S., nw. Mexico
- Quercus sadleriana - Deer Oak # - sw. Oregon, northern California
- Quercus stellata - Post Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus toumeyi - Toumey Oak # - southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern Mexico
- Quercus turbinella - Shrub Live Oak or Scrub Live Oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus vaseyana - Vasey Oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus virginiana - Southern Live Oak # - southeastern North America
Section Mesobalanus
Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 6 months, bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless (closely related to sect. Quercus and sometimes included in it).
- Quercus canariensis - Mirbeck's Oak or Algerian Oak # - North Africa & Spain
- Quercus dentata - Daimyo Oak - eastern Asia
- Quercus frainetto - Hungarian Oak or Italian Oak - southeastern Europe
- Quercus macranthera - Caucasian Oak or Persian Oak - western Asia
- Quercus pontica - Armenian Oak - western Asia
- Quercus pyrenaica - Pyrenean Oak - southwestern Europe
- Quercus vulcanica - Kasnak Oak - southwestern Asia
Section Cerris
Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.
- Quercus acutissima - Sawtooth Oak - eastern Asia
- Quercus alnifolia - Golden Oak # - Cyprus
- Quercus calliprinos - Palestine Oak # - southwestern Asia
- Quercus castaneifolia - Chestnut-leaved Oak - Caucasus, Iran (Persia)
- Quercus cerris - Turkey Oak - southern Europe, southwestern Asia
- Quercus coccifera - Kermes Oak # - southern Europe
- Quercus infectoria - Aleppo Oak, Cyprus Oak - southern Europe, southwestern Asia
- Quercus libani - Lebanon Oak - southwestern Asia
- Quercus macrolepis - Vallonea Oak # - southwestern Asia
- Quercus semecarpifolia - Brown Oak or Kharshu Oak # - Himalaya
- Quercus suber - Cork Oak # - southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
- Quercus trojana - Macedonian Oak # - southeastern Europe
- Quercus variabilis - Chinese Cork Oak - eastern Asia
Section Protobalanus
The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA & northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.
- Quercus cedrosensis - Cedros Island Oak # - Baja California
- Quercus chrysolepis - Canyon Live Oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus palmeri - Palmer Oak # - sw. Oregon, California, western Arizona
- Quercus tomentella - Island Oak # - California offshore islands
- Quercus vaccinifolia - Huckleberry Oak # - southwestern North America
Section Lobatae
The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus). North, Central & South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.
- Quercus acerifolia - Maple-leaved Oak or Mapleleaf Oak # - south central North America
- Quercus agrifolia - Coast Live Oak # - California, northern Baja California
- Quercus arkansana - Arkansas Oak - Southeastern North America
- Quercus buckleyi - Texas Red Oak - southwestern North America
- Quercus canbyi - Canby Oak or Mexican Red Oak # - Mexico
- Quercus coccinea - Scarlet Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus costaricensis - # - Costa Rica, Panama
- Quercus cualensis - # - Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur)
- Quercus depressa - Mexico
- Quercus eduardii - Mexico
- Quercus ellipsoidalis - Northern Pin Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus emoryi - Emory Oak # - southwestern U.S., northern Mexico
- Quercus falcata - Southern Red Oak or Spanish Oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus gravesii - Chisos Red Oak or Graves Oak - Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)
- Quercus graciliformis - Chisos Oak # - Extreme SW North America
- Quercus georgiana - Georgia Oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus hintoniorum - # - Mexico
- Quercus hirtifolia - # - Mexico
- Quercus humboldtii - Andean Oak # - northern South America (Colombia)
- Quercus hypoleucoides - Silverleaf Oak # - southwestern North America
- Quercus hypoxantha - # - Mexico
- Quercus ilicifolia - Bear Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus iltisii - # - Southern Mexico
- Quercus imbricaria - Shingle Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus incana - Bluejack Oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus inopina - Sandhill Oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus kelloggii - California Black Oak - California, sw. Oregon
- Quercus laevis - Turkey Oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus laurifolia - Laurel Oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus laurina - # - Mexico
- Quercus marilandica - Blackjack Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus myrtifolia - Myrtle Oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus nigra - Water Oak # - eastern North America
- Quercus palustris - Pin Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus parvula - Santa Cruz Island Scrub Oak # - Santa Cruz Island California
- Quercus phellos - Willow Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus pumila - Runner Oak # - southeastern North America
- Quercus rhysophylla - Loquat-leaf Oak # - Mexico
- Quercus rubra - Northern Red Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus salicifolia - # - Mexico
- Quercus sapotifolia - # - southern Mexico, Central America
- Quercus shumardii - Shumard Oak - southeastern North America
- Quercus tardifolia - Lateleaf Oak # - two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of Texas
- Quercus texana - Nuttall's Oak - south central North America (Lower Mississippi River Valley)
- Quercus velutina - Black Oak or Eastern Black Oak or Dyer's Oak - eastern North America
- Quercus wislizenii - Interior Live Oak # - California
- Quercus xalapensis - # - Mexico
Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis
The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis). Eastern and southeastern Asia. They are distinct from subgenus Quercus in that they have acorns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales; they commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 150 species.
- Selected species
- Quercus acuta - Japanese Evergreen Oak. # Japan, Korea.
- Quercus albicaulis - # China.
- Quercus argentata - # Malaysia, Indonesia.
- Quercus argyrotricha - # Guizhou (China).
- Quercus augustinii - # China, Vietnam.
- Quercus austrocochinchinensis - # China, Vietnam, Thailand.
- Quercus austroglauca - # China.
- Quercus bella - # China.
- Quercus blakei - # China, Vietnam, Laos.
- Quercus camusiae - # China, Vietnam.
- Quercus championii - # China, Taiwan.
- Quercus chapensis - # China, Vietnam.
- Quercus chevalieri - # China, Vietnam.
- Quercus chingsiensis - # China.
- Quercus chungii - # China.
- Quercus daimingshanensis - # China.
- Quercus delavayi - # China.
- Quercus delicatula - # China.
- Quercus dinghuensis - # China.
- Quercus disciformis - # China.
- Quercus edithiae - # China, Vietnam.
- Quercus elevaticostata - # Fujian (China).
- Quercus fleuryi - # China, Vietnam, Laos.
- Quercus gambleana - # China, India.
- Quercus gemelliflora - # Malaysia, Indonesia.
- Quercus gilva - # Japan, Taiwan, China.
- Quercus glauca - Ring-cupped Oak. # From Afganistan to Japan and Vietnam.
- Quercus glaucoides - # China.
- Quercus helferiana - # China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
- Quercus hondae - # Kyushu (Japan).
- Quercus hui - # China.
- Quercus hypophaea - # Taiwan.
- Quercus jenseniana - # China.
- Quercus jinpinensis - # China.
- Quercus kerrii - Kerr's Oak. # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly China.
- Quercus kiukiangensis - # China.
- Quercus kouangsiensis - # China.
- Quercus lamellosa - # Himalaya.
- Quercus lineata - # Malaysia, Indonesia.
- Quercus litoralis - # China.
- Quercus litseoides - # China.
- Quercus lobbii - # China, India.
- Quercus longinux - # Taiwan.
- Quercus lowii - # Borneo.
- Quercus lungmaiensis - # Yunnan (China).
- Quercus merrillii - # Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Palawan (Philippines).
- Quercus morii - # Taiwan.
- Quercus motuoensis - # China.
- Quercus multinervis - # China.
- Quercus myrsinifolia - Bamboo-leaf Oak. # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.
- Quercus neglecta - # China, Vietnam.
- Quercus ningangensis - # China.
- Quercus obovatifolia - # China.
- Quercus oxyodon - # Assam, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, Nepal.
- Quercus pachyloma - # China, Taiwan.
- Quercus patelliformis - # China.
- Quercus pentacycla - # China.
- Quercus phanera - # China.
- Quercus poilanei - # China, Vietnam, Thailand.
- Quercus rex - # China, Vietnam, India, Laos, Myanmar.
- Quercus salicina - # Japan, South Korea.
- Quercus saravanensis - # China, Laos, Vietnam.
- Quercus semiserrata - # China, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand.
- Quercus sessilifolia - # Japan, Taiwan, China.
- Quercus sichourensis - # Yunnan (China).
- Quercus stenophylloides - # Taiwan.
- Quercus stewardiana - # China.
- Quercus subhinoidea - # China.
- Quercus subsericea - # Malaysia, Indonesia.
- Quercus thorelii - # China, Laos, Vietnam.
- Quercus tomentosinervis - # China.
- Quercus treubiana - # Sumatra, Borneo.
- Quercus xanthotricha - # China, Laos, Vietnam.
- Quercus yingjiangensis - # China.
- Quercus yonganensis - # China.
Notes
# Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks") are tagged #. Note that the change from deciduous to evergreen character (or vice-versa) has evolved on numerous occasions in Quercus, and does not necessarily indicate that the species concerned are closely related.
External links
- Flora of North America - Quercus
- Flora of China - Quercus
- Flora of China - Cyclobalanopsis
- Americanredoak.info
Sources
- Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan, 1984. ISBN-13: 978-0874747089
- Soepadmo, E., Julia, S., & Rusea G. Fagaceae. In Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 3, 2006. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 983-2181-06-2
