Weather records
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Weather_records".

This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Each of these is understood to be the record for recent history, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented.

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Contents

Heat

Highest temperature ever recorded

Temperature Location Date
On Earth† 57.8 °C (136 °F) Al 'Aziziyah, Libya 1922-09-13[1]
United States (North America) 56.7 °C (134 °F) Death Valley, California 1913-07-10[1][2]
Canada 45 °C (113 °F) Midale and Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan 1937-07-05[3]
Asia 53.9 °C (129 °F) Tirat Tsvi, Israel 1942-06-21[1]
India 50.6 °C (123.1 °F) Alwar 1956-05-10[4]
Japan 40.9 °C (105.6 °F) Kumagaya ,Saitama 2007-08-16[5]
Malaysia 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) Chuping 1998-04-09[6]
Australia/Oceania‡ 50.7 °C (123 °F) Oodnadatta, South Australia 1960-01-02[1][7]
New Zealand 42.4 °C (108.3 °F) Rangiora
Jordan, Marlborough		 1973-02-07[8]
Europe 50,5 °C (123.3 °F) Riodades, Portugal 1881-08-04[9]
Croatia 42.8 °C (109 °F) Ploče 1998-08-05[10]
Czech Republic 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Praha-Uhříněves 1983-07-27[11]
Denmark 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) Holstebro, Midtjylland 1975-08-10[12]
Estonia 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) Võru 1992-08-11[13]
Finland 35.9 °C (96.6 °F) Turku 1914-07-09 [14]
France 44.1 °C (111.4 °F) Saint-Christol-lès-Alès 2003-08-12
Germany 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Gärmersdorf bei Amberg / Karlsruhe & Freiburg 1983-07-27 / 2003-08-13 [15]
Ireland 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny 1887-06-26[16]
Sicily 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) Catania, Sicily July, 1962[17]
Lithuania 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) Zarasai, Utena County 1994-07-30[18]
Norway 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) Nesbyen, Buskerud 1970-06-20[19]
Poland 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) Prószków 1921-07-29[20]
Portugal 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) Amareleja, Beja 2003-08-01[21]
Romania 44.5 °C (112.1 °F) Ion Sion, Brăila County 1951-08-10[22]
Slovakia 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) Hurbanovo 2007-07-20[23]
Spain 47.8 °C (118 °F) Murcia, Region of Murcia 1876-07-29[24]
Sweden 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) Ultuna, Uppland / Målilla, Småland 1933-07-09 / 1947-06-29[25]
United Kingdom 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) Brogdale, Kent 2003-08-10[26]
South America 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) Villa de María, Argentina 1920-01-02[27][1]
Antarctica 15 °C (59 °F) Vanda Station, Scott Coast 1974-01-05[1]
South Pole −14.0 °C (7.5 °F) 1978-12-27[3]
†There are a few reports of temperatures higher than this during phenomena known as heat bursts, including a report of an incredible 87 °C (188 °F) in Abadan, Iran in June of 1967. These temperatures have never been confirmed, and are not recognized as world records.[28]
‡On 1889-01-16, a temperature of 53 °C (128 °F) was recorded at Cloncurry, Queensland. It was measured with a non-standard thermometer, so it is unknown if this reading was valid or not.[1]

Other warm records

Cold

Coldest temperatures ever recorded

Temperature Location Date
On earth −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) Vostok Station, Antarctica 1983-07-21[29][2][1]
Asia −68 °C (−90 °F) Verkhoyansk and
Oymyakon, both Russia		 1892-02-07
1933-02-06[1]
India -33.9 °C (-27.4 °F) Ladakh 1911-03-22[4]
Japan -41.0 °C (-41.8 °F) Asahikawa, Hokkaidō 1902-01-25[5]
North America −66 °C (−87 °F) Northice, Greenland 1954-01-09[1]
Canada −63 °C (−81 °F) Snag, Yukon Territory, Canada 1947-02-03[2][1]
United States −62 °C (−80 °F) Prospect Creek, Alaska 1971-01-23[2]
Contiguous United States −56.5 °C (−70 °F) Rogers Pass, Montana 1954-01-20[30]
Europe −58.1°C (−72.6°F) Ust 'Shchugor, Russia 1978-12-31[9]
Croatia −35.5 °C (−31.5 °F) Čakovec 1929-02-03[10]
Czech Republic −42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) Litvínovice 1929-02-11[11]
Estonia −43.5 °C (−46.0 °F) Jõgeva 1940-01-17[13]
Finland −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) Kittilä 1999-01-28[31]
France −41.0 °C Mouthe 1985
Germany −45,9 °C (−50,6 °F) Funtensee 2001-12-24
Ireland −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) Markree Castle, County Sligo 1881-01-16[16]
Lithuania −42.9 °C(−45.2 °F) Utena, Utena County 1956-02-01[18]
Norway −51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) Karasjok, Finnmark 1886-01-01[19]
Romania −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) Bod, Braşov County 1942-01-25[22]
Poland −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) Siedlce 1940-01-11[22]
Slovakia −41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) Vigľaš-Pstruša 1929-02-11[32]
Slovenia −34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) Babno Polje 1956-02-15 / 1956-02-16 / 1968-01-13[33]
Sweden −53 °C (−63.4 °F) Malgovik, Lappland 1941-12-13[34]
United Kingdom −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) Braemar, Grampian
Altnaharra		 1895-02-11 and 1982-01-10
1995-12-30[26]
South America −39 °C (−38.2 °F) Valle de los Patos Superior, Argentina 1972-07-17[27]
Africa −24 °C (−11 °F) Ifrane, Morocco 1935-02-11[1]
Australia/Oceania −23 °C (−9.4 °F) Charlotte Pass, Australia 1994-06-29[1]
Hawaii −11.1 °C (12 °F) Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaiʻi 1979-05-17[1]
New Zealand −21.6°C (−6.9 °F) Ophir, New Zealand 1995-07-03[8]

Other cold records

Precipitation

Rain

Snow

Tornadoes

Main article: Tornado records

Deadliest in history

Earliest known

Outbreaks

  • Deadliest: 747 were killed by the Tri-State Tornado and associated outbreak on 1925-03-18.[2]
  • Largest and most severe: 148 tornadoes occurred in 16 hours on 03 April to 04 April 1974. They affected 13 US states and Ontario, Canada, and included 24 F4's and 6 F5's, more F5's than have been reported in any other year. There were also more significant tornadoes during that 24 hours than any other entire week on record.[2]

Tropical cyclones

Main article: List of tropical cyclone records

Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure)

Other severe weather

A picture of the largest hailstone ever officially measured, almost 0.5 meters (19 inches) in circumference.
A picture of the largest hailstone ever officially measured, almost 0.5 meters (19 inches) in circumference.

Hail

Lightning

Other categories

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Lyons, Walter A (1997). The Handy Weather Answer Book, 2nd Edition, Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink press. ISBN 0-7876-1034-8. 
  3. ^ a b [1] Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  4. ^ a b Extreme Weather Events India Meteorological Department
  5. ^ a b former National Rankings Japan Meteorological Agency
  6. ^ "General Climate Information", Malaysia Meterological Department. Retrieved on 2008-08-09. 
  7. ^ World Temperature Extremes Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
  8. ^ a b http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/NaturalEnvironment/3/en Carl Walrond. 'Natural environment', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 25-Sep-2007
  9. ^ a b [2]
  10. ^ a b http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2006%5C06%5C03%5C34A34.PDF
  11. ^ a b Česká republika - Česká nej - www.atlasceska.cz
  12. ^ Vejrekstremer i Danmark DMI
  13. ^ a b EMHI
  14. ^ Ilmatieteen laitos - Sää ja ilmasto - Ilmastotilastot - Ilman lämpötila
  15. ^ Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Wetter + Warnungen
  16. ^ a b Temperature - Climate - Met Éireann - The Irish Meteorological Service Online
  17. ^ Extreme July Servizio Meteorologico Aeronautica Militare
  18. ^ a b www.meteo.lt (Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje)
  19. ^ a b Klima - met.no
  20. ^ Zakład Klimatologii - Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków
  21. ^ Extremes Instituto de Meteorologia, IP Portugal
  22. ^ a b c THERMAL EXTREMES Administratiei Nationale de Meteorologie
  23. ^ World Record Temperatures -Highest Lowest Hottest Coldest temperatures
  24. ^ Extreme Values Agencia Estatal de Meteorología
  25. ^ Högsta temperatur SMHI
  26. ^ a b Met Office: Extreme weather
  27. ^ a b http://www.smn.gov.ar/?mod=biblioteca&id=94 Servicio Meteorólogico Nacional (Argentina).
  28. ^ Burt, Christopher C [2004]. Extreme Weather. W. W. Norton & Company, p. 36. ISBN 0-393-32658-6. Retrieved on 2007-06-21. 
  29. ^ Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature" (in Russian). Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (105). Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat. 
  30. ^ http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001377.html
  31. ^ Ilmatieteen laitos - Sää ja ilmasto - Ilmastotilastot - Lämpötilaennätyksiä - kk
  32. ^ :: travel to SLOVAKIA
  33. ^ http://www.arso.gov.si/vreme/podnebje/slo_vremenski_rekordi.pdf
  34. ^ Lägsta temperatur SMHI
  35. ^ Atacama Desert @ National Geographic Magazine
  36. ^ SPACE.com - 101 Amazing Earth Facts
  37. ^ NOAA: Mt. Baker snowfall record sticks
  38. ^ "National Weather Service records for 1961 through 1990".
  39. ^ Tornadoes in Bangladesh
  40. ^ a b TORRO: Research: Tornado Extremes
  41. ^ Tropical Cyclone Report
  42. ^ Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book
  43. ^ a b http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/research/Guide/weatherextremes.pdf
  44. ^ Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found
  45. ^ Cerveny, Randall S.; Jay Lawrimore, Roger Edwards, and Christopher Landsea (June 2007). "Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication.". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88 (6): 853–860. doi:10.1175/BAMS-88-6-853. 
  46. ^ NASA - NASA Satellite Identifies the World's Most Intense Thunderstorms
  47. ^ NOVA | The Deadliest Plane Crash | Room For Error | PBS
  48. ^ NCDC: Climate-Watch, December 2001
  49. ^ Lee, Julian J.; Timothy P. Samaras, Carl R. Young (October 2004). "Pressure Measurements at the ground in an F-4 tornado". Preprints of the 22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, Massachusetts: American Meteorological Society. 

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