The Needles
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "The_Needles".

For other uses, see The Needles (disambiguation).
The Needles from the cliffs inshore
The Needles from the cliffs inshore
Close-up of the needles
Close-up of the needles
The Needles from Isaac Taylor's "one inch map" of Hampshire, published in 1759, showing Lot's Wife, the needle-shaped pillar that collapsed in a storm in 1764.
The Needles from Isaac Taylor's "one inch map" of Hampshire, published in 1759,[1][2] showing Lot's Wife, the needle-shaped pillar that collapsed in a storm in 1764.

The Needles is a row of three distinctive stacks of chalk that rise out of the sea off the western extremity of the Isle of Wight, England, close to Alum Bay. A lighthouse designed by Scottish civil engineer James Walker has stood at the western end of the formation since 1859.[3]

The formation takes its name from the former fourth[4] needle-shaped pillar called Lot's Wife that used to stand in its midst until it collapsed in a storm in 1764.[5][6][7] The remaining rocks are all short and squat and not at all needle-like, but the name has stuck.

The Needles were featured on the 2005 TV programme Seven Natural Wonders as one of the wonders of the South.

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Tourism

The Needles are inextricably linked with Alum Bay, and a major tourist draw. Scenic boat trips operating from Alum Bay offering close-up views of the Needles are very popular. The rocks and lighthouse have become icons of the Isle of Wight, and are featured on many of the souvenirs sold throughout the island.

However, the main tourist attractions of the headland itself are the two gun batteries, the experimental rocket testing station, and the four Coastguard cottages owned by the National Trust and let as holiday homes.

The site is on tour bus routes and hiking trails.

Military use

See also: The Needles Battery

The Needles were a site of a long standing artillery battery, from the 1860s to 1954, when they were eventually decommisioned.

A nearby site on High Down was employed in the testing of rockets for the British ICBM program.[8] The headland at High Down was used for Black Knight[9] and Black Arrow[10] rocket engine tests from 1956–71. During the peak of activity in the early 1960s some 240 people worked at the complex, while the rockets were built in nearby East Cowes. These rockets were later used to launch the Prospero_X-3satellite. The site is now owned by the National Trust, and is open to the public. Concrete installations remain, but the buildings that were less durable have either been demolished or were torn down by the elements.

In 1982, HRH Prince Charles officially opened the restored Needles Old Battery facility. Underground rocket testing rooms are currently being restored for exhibition. The first phase of restoration was completed in 2004.[11]

Access

The batteries are accessible by car, foot, bicycle, and bus.[12][13] Though there is a paved road up to The Old and The New batteries, access is on foot, from a car park.[14] The battery site becomes dangerous in high winds and is closed to the public in winds above force 8.

In the Spring and Summer, the Southern Vectis bus company sends open-top motorcoachs along a route called "The Needles Tour". This route approaches the Battery along the cliff edge, using a road reserved for bus traffic. The Needles Tour also has stops in Alum Bay, Totland, Colwell Bay, Fort Victoria, Yarmouth, and Freshwater Bay.[15] The Needles Tour buses are the only vehicles allowed on the road from Alum Bay, apart from those owned by National Trust staff or, by prior appointment, vehicles transporting disabled visitors. This is because the single track road's position close to the cliff edge is considered dangerous for multiple car use.citation needed

The Isle of Wight Coast Path has its westernmost point at the Coastguard Cottages.

Geology

The Needles - View from the experimental rocket launching station
The Needles - View from the experimental rocket launching station

The Needles pointed shape is a result of their unusual geology. The strata have been so heavily folded during the Alpine Orogeny that the chalk is near vertical. This chalk outcrop runs through the centre of the Island from Culver Cliff in the east to the Needles in the west, and then continues under the sea to the Isle of Purbeck, forming Ballard Cliff (near Swanage), Lulworth Cove and Durdle Door. [16] It is also believed that The Needles were once connected to Old Harry Rockscitation needed (east of Studland and north of Swanage) where these strata lines moving from horizontal to near vertical can be seen from the sea.

Just off the end of the Needles formation is the Shingles, a shifting shoal of pebbles just beneath the waves. The Shingles is approximately three miles in length. Many ships have been wrecked on the Shingles.[17]

Controversy

Some controversy has been raised about the actual shape of the "Lot's Wife" stone column, that allegedly collapsed in 1764. A drawing of The Needles by Dutch landscape artist Lambert Doomer (1624–1700) made in 1646 depicts a rock formation with much stouter shape than that shown in Isaac Taylor's 1759 "one inch" map of Hampshire.[18][19] The Doomer etching is contained in Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem (published ca. 1662), which is in the Austrian National Library in Vienna.[20] It is not clear from these drawings what transpired.[18][19]

References

  1. ^ One Inch Maps,University of Portsmouth Geography Department website
  2. ^ Taylor's Hampshire 1759, Martin and Jean Norgate, University of Portsmouth Geography Department website, 2004
  3. ^ The Needles Lighthouse, Lighthouses on the Isle of Wight, Isle of Wight Tourist Guide
  4. ^ Needles Battery website
  5. ^ The History of The Needles at Alum Bay, The Needles Park website
  6. ^ History of the Needles, The Needles Battery website.
  7. ^ Page 1- The Needles, pictures of the Needles, from "Alum Bay and the Needles", Isle of Wight Historic Postcards, June 24, 2007.
  8. ^ High Down Rocket Test Site,The Needles Battery website
  9. ^ Black Knight Testing at The Needles
  10. ^ When Britain Joined the Space Race, Civil Service Motoring Association Motoring & Leisure magazine, May 2006, p130
  11. ^ What to See and Do, The Needles Old Battery, National Trust website.
  12. ^ "Getting There". National Trust. Retrieved on 2007-10-26.
  13. ^ "The Needles Old Battery". National Trust. Retrieved on 2007-10-26.
  14. ^ The car park is located at grid reference SZ307853.
  15. ^ "The Needles Tour". Southern Vectis. Retrieved on 2007-10-26.
  16. ^ Ian West, MSc PhD FGS (2005). "Geology of the Isle of Wight - Field Trip Guide". Geology of the Wessex Coast, Southern England. Retrieved on 2006-05-30.
  17. ^ The Spithead-Solent Shore, Isle of Wight Shipwrecks, BBC h2g2.
  18. ^ a b The Needles: Tall Rock or Tall Story?, Archive of Monthly News Items As previously featured in the History Centre, Isle of Wight History Centre, November 2002.
  19. ^ a b Earliest Known Scenes of the Isle of Wight, Isle of Wight History Centre
  20. ^ The Atlas Blaeu-van der Hem, Peter van der Krogt and Erlend de Groot, HES & De Graaf publishers BV 't Goy-Houten, The Netherlands, 1996-2006

See also

External links

General information

Pictures

Articles and Categories about the Isle of Wight, England The Isle of Wight

Category:Isle of Wight | Category:Buildings and structures on the Isle of Wight | Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight | Education on the Isle of Wight | History of the Isle of Wight | List of Isle of Wight people | List of civil parishes in the Isle of Wight | List of places on the Isle of Wight | Politics of the Isle of Wight | Category:Visitor attractions on the Isle of Wight | Category:Geography of the Isle of Wight | Category:Railway stations on the Isle of Wight| Category:Heritage railway stations on the Isle of Wight
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