Template:Infobox sulfur
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16 phosphorus ← sulfur → chlorine O ↑ S ↓ Se Periodic table - Extended periodic table
General
Name, symbol, number	sulfur, S, 16
Element category	nonmetals
Group, period, block	16, 3, p
Appearance	Lemon yellow crystals.
Standard atomic weight	32.065(5) g·mol−1
Electron configuration	Ne 3s2 3p4
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 6
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	(alpha) 2.07 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(beta) 1.96 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(gamma) 1.92 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	1.819 g·cm−3
Melting point	388.36 K (115.21 °C, 239.38 °F)
Boiling point	717.8 K (444.6 °C, 832.3 °F)
Critical point	1314 K, 20.7 MPa
Heat of fusion	(mono) 1.727 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	(mono) 45 kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity	(25 °C) 22.75 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T/K 375 408 449 508 591 717
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Oxidation states	6, 4, 2, 1 [1], -2 (strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	2.58 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 999.6 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 2252 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 3357 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	100 pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	88 pm
Covalent radius	102 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	no data
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) (amorphous) 2×1015Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) (amorphous) 0.205 W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus	7.7 GPa
Mohs hardness	2.0
CAS registry number	7704-34-9
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of sulfur iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 32S 95.02% 32S is stable with 16 neutrons 33S 0.75% 33S is stable with 17 neutrons 34S 4.21% 34S is stable with 18 neutrons 35S syn 87.32 d β- 0.167 35Cl 36S 0.02% 36S is stable with 20 neutrons
References
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