Subacute bacterial endocarditis
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Subacute_bacterial_endocarditis".

Subacute bacterial endocarditis (also called endocarditis lenta) is a type of endocarditis (more specifically, infective endocarditis).

It can be confused with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.^[1]

It can be considered a form of Type III hypersensitivity.^[2]

Causes

It is usually caused by a form of streptococci bacteria that normally live in the mouth and throat (Streptococcus mutans, mitis, sanguis,or milleri). Other strains of streptococci (bovis and equines) can also cause subacute endocarditis, usually in patients who have a form of gastrointestinal cancer.

Prognosis

Underlying structural valve disease is usually present in patients before developing subacute endocarditis. It is less likely to lead to septic emboli than is acute endocarditis, but subacute endocarditis has a relatively slow process of infection and, if left untreated, can worsen for up to one year before it is fatal.

Treatment

The standard treatment is with a minimum of four weeks of high-dose intravenous penicillin with an aminoglycoside such as gentamicin.

The use of high-dose antibiotics are largely based upon animal models.^[3]

References

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