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| Stefan III Branković | |
| Nationality | Serbian |
|---|---|
| Title | Despot |
| Predecessor | Lazar II Branković |
| Successor | Stephen Tomašević |
| Parents | Đurađ Branković Eirene Kantakouzene |
Stefan III Branković (c. 1417 - 9 October 1476) was briefly the ruler of Serbia, or, as the core principality is called in medieval sources, Rascia. He is venerated as a saint by the Serbian Orthodox Church.
Contents |
Family
Stefan and his relations are named in "Dell'Imperadori Constantinopolitani", a manuscript held in the Vatican Library. The document is also known as the "Massarelli manuscript" because it was found in the papers of Angelo Massarelli (1510 - 1566). [1] Masarelli is better known as the general secretary of the Council of Trent, who recorded the daily occurings of the council. [2]
The Massarelli manuscript names him as a son of Đurađ Branković and Eirene Kantakouzene. "The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits 1250-1500" (1994) by D. M. Nicol questioned his maternity, suggesting Đurađ had a prior marriage to a daughter of John IV of Trebizond. However his theory presented no sources and failed to take into account that John IV was born between 1395 and 1417. He would be unlikely to be a grandparent by the 1410s. [3]
On 11 September 1429, Durad made a donation to Esphigmenou Monastery at Mount Athos. The charter for the document names his wife Irene and five children. The Masarelli manuscript also names the same five children of Đurađ and Eirene. Other genealogies mention a sixth child, Todor Branković. He could be a child who died young and thus not listed with his siblings. [4]
The oldest sibling listed in the Massarelli document was Grgur Branković. The 1429 document mentions him with the title of Despot. According to "The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest" (1994) by J. V. A. Fine, Grgur was appointed governor of territories of southern Serbia associated to the House of Branković. He was reportedly appointed by Murad II of the Ottoman Empire in 1439. In April 1441, Grgur was accused of plotting against Murad and his governorship terminated. He was imprisoned in Amasya and blinded on 8 May 1441. [5] According to "Monumenta Serbica Spectantia Historiam Serbiae, Bosniae, Ragusii" (1858) by Franc Miklošič, Grgur and his brothers co-signed a charter by which Durad confirmed the privileges of the Republic of Ragusa. The charted was dated to 17 September 1445. [6] According to the "Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten" (1978) by Detlev Schwennicke, Grgur retired to a monastery under the monastic name "German". [7] According to Fine, Grgur resurfaced in 1458, claiming the succession of the vacant throne of Rascia for himself or his son. [8] The Massarelli manuscript mentioned Grgur as unwed. Later genealogies name his wife as "Jelisaveta". Vuk Grgurević, a son of Grgur, was later a titular Serbian despot (1471-1485). He was possibly an illegitimate. [9]
The Massarelli next names an older sister of Stefan, Mara Branković. She was one of the wives of Murad II. [10] Stefan himself is listed third. His younger sister is listed as Cantacuzina, the Latinized version of their mother's last name. Later genealogies give her name as Katarina. She married Ulrich II of Celje. The last and youngest sibling listed was Lazar Branković, successor to their father. [11]
Reign
According to Nicol, Stefan had become a citizen of the Republic of Venice. He was blinded alongside his brother Grgur in 1441. [12] Both blind brothers seem to have been omitted from considerations as possible heirs to their father. They could only claim the throne in 1458, since the death of Lazar left them the only male representatives of the Branković.
According to Fine, Stefan secured the throne by co-operating with his sister-in-law Helena Palaiologina, widow of Lazar. She was a daughter of Thomas Palaiologos, Ruler of Morea, and Catherine Zaccaria of the Principality of Achaea. Helena however arranged the marriage of one of her daughters to Stjepan Tomašević, prince of Bosnia. She thus managed to secure the throne for her new son-in-law. [13] Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and Stjepan Tomaš Kotromanić, King of Bosnia and father of Tomašević, dethroned Stefan on April 8, 1459. They crowned Stjepan Tomašević as his replacement.
When Serbia had been lost to Ottomans, Stefan's son Jovan of Rascia led Serbian refugees in southern Hungary. There Jovan was finally recognized as Prince of Serbians, with a principality called Raitzen.
Marriage and children
In 1461, Stefan married Angelina Arianiti. She was a daughter of Gjergj Arianit Komneni and his first wife Maria Musaki. Her maternal grandparents were Andrea Musaki and Ana Zenevesi. Her father was the leader of a rebellion of the Albanians against Murad II which had lasted from 1433 to 1436. In 1456, Gjergj was appointed by the Republic of Venice as voivode in areas between Shkodër and Durrës. Her sister Andronike married Skanderbeg. [14]
Stefan and Angelina had four or five children[15]:
- Jovan Stefanović (d. 10 December 1502. Mentioned first in the Massarelli manuscript. Titular despot of the area of Raitzen, Kingdom of Hungary. Married Jelena Jaksić. She is mentioned as “Helena, Serbiæ despotissa” in a charted dated to 1502.
- Đorđe (d. 18 January 1516). Mentioned second in the Massarelli manuscript. Titular despot of the area of Raitzen, Kingdom of Hungary. Married Isabella del Balzo, daughter of Agilberto, Duke of Nardò. Later retired as a monk under the monastic name "Maxim". Resurfaced as Metropolitan of Ungro-Wallachia from 1508 to 1521. He also held the title of Archibishop of Belgrade.
- Irene. Mentioned third in the Massarelli manuscript. Considered to have died young.
- Marija Branković (d. 27 August 1495. Mentioned fourth and last in the Massarelli manuscript. Married Boniface III, Marquess of Montferrat (1424 - 1494, reign 1483 - 1494).
- Milica Branković (d. 30 January 1554). Not listed in the Massarelli manuscript, only later genealogies. Married Neagoe Basarab, Prince of Wallachia.
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Lazar Branković |
Serbian Despot 1458-1459 |
Succeeded by Stjepan Tomašević |
See also
References
- ^ Tony Hoskins, "Anglocentric medieval genealogy"
- ^ "The Archives: the past & the present", section "The Council of Trent"
- ^ Profile of Đurađ and his children in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley
- ^ Profile of Đurađ and his children in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley
- ^ J. V. A. Fine, "The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest" (1994), page 531
- ^ Franc Miklošič, "Monumenta Serbica Spectantia Historiam Serbiae, Bosniae, Ragusii" (1858), CCCL, page 433
- ^ Detlev Schwennicke, "Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten" (1878), vol. 3, page 180
- ^ J. V. A. Fine, "The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest" (1994), page 574
- ^ Profile of Đurađ and his children in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley
- ^ Profile of Mara in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley
- ^ Profile of Đurađ and his children in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley
- ^ Profile of Đurađ and his children in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley
- ^ Profile of Stefan and his children in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley
- ^ Profile of the Araniti family in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley
- ^ Profile of Stefan and his children in "Medieval Lands" by Charles Cawley
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