Sergeant Major A.J. Johnson
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Sergeant_Major_A.J._Johnson".

The Halo franchise's central story revolves around an interstellar war between future humanity and an alien theocratic alliance known as the Covenant, as well as the mysterious Forerunner and the massive weapons they built to contain the terrifying Flood. Beginning with Bungie's 2001 video game Halo: Combat Evolved, the franchise expanded to include the sequels Halo 2, and Halo 3, as well as the novels Halo: The Fall of Reach, Halo: The Flood, Halo: First Strike, Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, Halo: Contact Harvest and the Halo Graphic Novel. Recurring characters from Halo are organized by their respective factions in the fictional universe— the humans of the United Nations Space Command, the alien Covenant, the ancient Forerunner, and the parasitic Flood.

In the foreword for a collection titled The Art of Halo, Bungie founder Jason Jones noted that bringing together the elements of a video game is unmistakably "art". However, Jones also noted that the character designers and artists had to make a "living, breathing world" and populate it with interesting characters and places. The game's development which spanned four years brought numerous evolutions and revisions to the character's designs and personalities. Characters were also updated to take full advantage of new graphics technologies; for instance, the Master Chief's armor was redesigned in a lengthy conceptual process and the final model was bump mapped.

Halo's commercial and critical success has led to large amounts of merchandise featuring the franchise's characters to be produced. The Master Chief, the most visible symbol of the series, has been heavily marketed, with the character's visage appearing on soda bottles, t-shirts, and Xbox controllers. Other merchandise produced includes several sets of action figures, produced by Joyride Studios and McFarlane Toys among other manufacturers. Halo's characters have received varying reception, with characters such as the Chief, Cortana and the Arbiter well-received by critics, and Gravemind and Avery Johnson derided as clichéd or corny.

Character design and creation

Halo's characters were continually refined through development, as the company was bought by Microsoft and the platform shifted from the Macintosh to the Xbox. Other Bungie developers would often add input to the progress of characters in Halo, even if they were not working on the game itself.¹ For example, an outside artist, Shi Kai Wang, developed the early concept sketches of what would eventually become the Master Chief. However upon developing a 3D model, the artists decided the Chief looked too slender, almost effeminate, and subsequently bulked up the character.² Early Covenant Elites had a more natural jaw rather than the split mandibles they would later sport; at one point, Jason Jones was also insistent about having a tail on the Elites, but this idea was eventually dropped.³

Designers decided to hand-key animations, rather attempt motion capture.⁴ The animators also often video taped themselves to have reference footage for the movement of game characters. Art Director Marcus Lehto had his wife videotape him "running around a field with a two-by-four" for footage for human marines. By Halo 3, Bungie staff had a special room designed for capturing reference material.⁵ Many of the subsequent human character's features were based on Bungie designers,⁶ while character animators looked to simian, ursine, insectoid and reptilian features for the various races of the Covenant.⁷ The artificial intelligences of the characters was also deliberately limited to make sure they acted realistically to environmental changes and situations.⁸

Voice acting

The Halo series features voice work by television and film actors including Ron Perlman, Orlando Jones, Michelle Rodriguez, Robert Davi, and Terrence Stamp.⁹ Voice acting became more important as Halo: Combat Evolved's sequels were developed; Halo 2 had 2,000 lines of combat dialogue, while Halo 3 has in excess of 14,000 lines.¹⁰ The actual technology for the trilogy changed very little; while some actors voiced their lines in remote locations, others travelled to Bungie studios to record their lines.¹¹

In interviews, Halo's voice actors stated that they had no idea that the games would become such a critical and commercial success. Steve Downes, the voice of the game's protagonist, stated that generally when a voice actor has finished their lines, their involvement with the game ends.¹¹ As the characters in Combat Evolved were relatively undefined, the voice actors were given leeway to develop their own style and personality.¹¹

Aside from major character roles, members of the Halo community and Halo fans have had small roles in the games. The cast from the machinima Red vs. Blue won a lengthy charity auction for a voice role in Halo 3, and do a comedy routine which changes depending on the difficulty level the game is played on.¹² Cast members of the defunct TV show Firefly—Alan Tudyk, Nathan Fillion, and Adam Baldwin—also have roles as Marines in Halo 3.⁹

United Nations Space Command

Master Chief

Avery Johnson, Master Chief and Miranda Keyes, as they appear in Halo 3.

Main article: Master Chief (Halo)

Master Chief Petty Officer Spartan-117, known as "Master Chief" or "John-117", is the protagonist and main playable character in all the Halo games. He is voiced by Chicago DJ Steve Downes. Thought to be the last of the SPARTAN-II supersoldiers still in active service, the Master Chief is awed and feared by even the Covenant, who see him as a demon.¹³ Assisted by the AI Cortana, he almost singlehandedly prevents the firing of Installation 04 in Halo: Combat Evolved, an event which the player is told would have destroyed all sentient life in the galaxy.¹⁴ Bungie staff member Joseph Staten noted that until the Master Chief was created, Bungie had not paid any attention to how to make people want to play in the world. "Master Chief is really what kicked off the creativity," he said, "in terms of how people react to him. He's a space marine in really cool green armor."¹⁵ The character was rated as one of the greatest videogame characters of all time by Electronic Gaming Monthly.¹⁶

Avery Johnson

Sergeant Major Avery J. Johnson, voiced by David Scully, is a Marine who leads human forces against Covenant and Flood assaults throughout the Halo series. Johnson and a few other Marines survive the destruction of Installation 04 and are rescued by Cortana and the Master Chief during the novel Halo: First Strike. Johnson plays a much larger role in Halo 2, by joining forces with Covenant Arbiter to stop Tartarus from activating Installation 05.¹⁷ Johnson is also the only human seen to survive a Flood infestation, due to a pre-existing medical condition, known as Boren's Syndrome,¹⁸ a condition that grants immunity to the Flood at the cost of mental instability. Boren's syndrome is caused from high exposure to radiation from plasma grenades.¹⁹ In Halo 2, he is awarded the Colonial Cross for his heroic actions,²⁰ and leads UNSC forces to drive the Covenant from New Mombasa, Kenya after the Covenant take the city during the events of the game. Johnson is the sole character featured in the Halo Graphic Novel story, "Breaking Quarantine", which details Johnson's escape from the Flood in Halo: Combat Evolved, and a main character in Halo: Contact Harvest. In Halo 3, he is killed by 343 Guilty Spark when trying to activate the uncompleted Halo at the Ark.

In many ways similar to the stereotype of charismatic black Marines found in other science fiction (such as Sergeant Apone in Aliens),²¹ some publications found Johnson, though enjoyable, somewhat of a flat character. In an interview for Halo: Contact Harvest, Joseph Staten of Bungie admitted that Johnson was a static character in Halo: Combat Evolved, and that despite the character's potential, "he sort of inherited those caricature aspects [from Halo."²¹ Contact Harvest was a chance "to do right by Johnson, to give him the rich, fully fleshed out backstory he deserves, that we have never been able to give him in the game."²¹

Miranda Keyes

Commander Miranda Keyes is the daughter of Captain Jacob Keyes and appears in Halo 2 and Halo 3. At the beginning of Halo 2, Keyes is present at an awards ceremony on board the Cairo defense platform above Earth to accept a medal posthumously for her father. Soon after, a Covenant fleet launches an attack on Earth, and Commander Keyes links up with the rest of the fleet aboard the In Amber Clad and assists in the defense of Mombasa, Kenya. When the Prophet of Regret retreats from Earth, Keyes orders the In Amber Clad to follow; this results in the discovery of Installation 05, another Halo. Keyes, along with Johnson and a squad of Marines, head for Halo's library in order to retrieve the activation Index and prevent the ring's activation while the Master Chief assassinates the Prophet of Regret; in the process, she and Johnson are captured by the Brute Chieftian Tartarus. As a "Reclaimer," only she or another human can insert the Index into Halo's control panel, and Tartarus attempts to make her to do this. When the Arbiter tries to stop the firing, Tartarus forces Keyes to insert the Index, initiating Halo's firing sequence. After the Arbiter engages and kills Tartarus, Keyes successfully removes the Index and prevents Halo from activating, but inadvertently causes all remaining Halo installations to enter standby mode, enabling the remote firing of these installations from The Ark.²² In Halo 3, Miranda Keyes returns to Earth and leads the pursuit of the Prophet of Truth through the portal he creates using the artifact buried under New Mombasa, which leads to the Ark. When Sergeant Johnson is captured by the Covenant to activate the installation, she attempts to rescue him; Keyes is killed when Truth shoots her in the back.

Miranda was voiced by Julie Benz in Halo 2, but Bungie recast the role for Halo 3 because they wanted someone with an accent.²³ Despite not being a part of Halo 3, Benz said that she loved voiceover work and that it was pure chance she had become the voice of Keyes in the first place.²⁴ When IGN asked Benz what she thought of her character, she admitted she hadn't played Halo 2, even though Bungie had sent her "like four [copies] of the game".²⁴ The character is voiced by Justis Bolding in Halo 3.

Cortana

Main article: Cortana

Cortana, voiced in the games by Jen Taylor, is the artificial intelligence (AI) who assists the Master Chief throughout Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2. She is one of many "smart" AIs, and is based on Dr. Halsey; the nature of her programming means she will eventually "think" herself to death after a lifespan of less than a decade.²⁵ Her actions during Halo: Combat Evolved help prevent the activation of the Halo installation. She escapes Halo along with the Master Chief in a fighter, and is instrumental in helping the UNSC survivors capture the Covenant flagship Ascendant Justice during the events of Halo: First Strike. During Halo 2 Cortana is put in charge of the MAC defense platform Cairo over Earth when the Covenant attack;²⁶ she then follows the Chief on In Amber Clad to Delta Halo, where she further assists in intelligence work. Cortana stays behind on High Charity to detonate In Amber Clad's engines in case Halo is activated. She subsequently falls into the clutches of the Gravemind. In Halo 3, Cortana is rescued by the Master Chief from High Charity and aids him in activating the Halo ring under construction on the Ark. After narrowly escaping from Halo's destructive blast, she and Master Chief are stranded in space, awaiting rescue.²⁷²⁸ Cortana was named the fifth best supporting character,²⁹ and one of the "50 Greatest Female Characters"³⁰ in a video game. Reviewers noted the character's determination and fearlessness meshed perfectly with the Master Chief,³⁰ and that Cortana provides an anchor linking players to Halo's story.³¹

Jacob Keyes

Captain Jacob Keyes (voiced by Pete Stacker) is a captain in the UNSC who appears in Halo: Combat Evolved (and its novelization, Halo: The Flood) as well as Halo: The Fall of Reach. His first chronological appearance is in Fall of Reach, where as a young Lieutenant he accompanies Doctor Catherine Halsey on her mission to screen possible SPARTAN Project subjects.³² By 2552, midway through the book, Keyes is commander of the Iroquois, a UNSC destroyer.³³ Keyes is promoted to Captain after he singlehandedly defeats four Covenant ships about to attack a human colony.³⁴ When the Iroquois is recalled to the human bastion Reach, a Covenant tracking device alerts the Covenant to the planet's existence, and proceed to attack the colony. As the planet is glassed by the Covenant, Keyes follows Cole Protocol, which leads his new ship Pillar of Autumn to Halo. There, Keyes leads a guerrilla insurgency against the Covenant, until he is captured and assimilated by the parasitic Flood in Halo's ninth mission, the eponymous Keyes.

Catherine Halsey

Dr. Catherine Elizabeth Halsey is a civilian scientist in the UNSC. She appears in the books Halo: The Fall of Reach, Halo: First Strike, and Halo: Ghosts of Onyx. In the fiction, a flash clone of her brain tissue is the basis for the construction of the "smart" AI Cortana.³⁵ As the creator of the SPARTAN-II Project, she is responsible for the kidnapping of the seventy-five Spartan children, along with their training and the subsequent death of thirty of them due to the dangerous augmentation process.³⁶ She is viewed by the SPARTAN-IIs as a "mother" figure, and addresses each soldier by their name rather than designation.³⁷ Halsey justifies her actions through her belief that the suffering of a few is acceptable for the benefit of many. Sergeant Johnson, however, unknowingly causes Halsey to rethink her position, and she decides to "save each and every member of humanity beginning with herself" during Halo: First Strike.³⁸ Dr. Halsey hijacks a shuttle for her own private mission to the planet Onyx;³⁹ there, she assists in deciphering the surrounding Forerunner glyphs on the planet and leads the surviving Spartans to a Dyson Sphere at the heart of Onyx.

James Ackerson

Colonel James Ackerson is a high ranking officer in the Office of Naval Intelligence, who has seen many years of service and has survived several battles with the Covenant. Such is his influence that he dominates the Security Committee and can talk down most higher-ranking officers without fear of reprisal.⁴⁰ Due to the competition between Ackerson and other departments, most notably Section Three and the SPARTAN-II project, Ackerson harbors a strong resentment toward his opponents and toward the Spartans in particular. In Halo: The Fall of Reach, he attempts to sabotage the MJOLNIR Mark V testing process by using ordnance far above the established guidelines, including Lotus anti-tank mines, a full squad of ODSTs ordered to shoot to kill, automated gun turrets, and an airstrike with a fighter. However, Cortana soon got back at Ackerson by forging a letter requesting a reassignment to the front lines as well as planting evidence of illicit activities in his bank records. In Halo: First Strike, it is revealed that Ackerson manages to weasel his way out of Cortana's mess,⁴¹ and is in charge of the SPARTAN-III program. In the limited comic series Halo: Uprising Ackerson falls into the hands of Covenant orbiting Mars and is slated to die before Ackerson tells his interrogator about a "key" to Earth.⁴² The "key" is in fact a fabrication by Ackerson to save a relative living in Cleveland, Ohio.

Franklin Mendez

Senior Chief Petty Officer Franklin Mendez is the SPARTAN-II's trainer on Reach during the early events of Halo: The Fall of Reach. He provides his trainees with excellent weapons and physical lessons, as well as tactical and mental training. He is not very talkative, but possesses a brilliant mind for warfare, and this is reflected in the Master Chief's abilities. He is described as neither tall nor muscular, with close-cut hair that has a dash of gray at the temples.⁴³ He leaves the Spartans after the discovery of the Covenant to train the next batch of Spartans,⁴⁴ and is recruited by Colonel Ackerson to assist Lieutenant Commander Kurt Ambrose (Spartan Kurt-051) with training the SPARTAN-III supersoldiers at the secret world of Onyx after a few years of combat duty (receiving two Purple Hearts in the process).⁴⁵ During Ghosts of Onyx he is sealed inside the Forerunner Dyson Sphere at the heart of the planet with the remaining Spartan survivors.⁴⁶

Terrence Hood

Fleet Admiral Lord Terrence Hood (voiced by Ron Perlman) first appears in the novel, Halo: First Strike. He is a member of the UNSC Security Committee and is the Chief of Naval Operations. He greatly respects the Spartans, not only because of their record, but because they have saved his life on two occasions.⁴⁷ When Halo 2 begins Admiral Hood presents the Master Chief, Sergeant Johnson, and Miranda Keyes with medals aboard the Cairo Station. In Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, Hood receives an urgent message by Dr. Halsey requesting for him to send Spartans to assist her, and obliges by ordering Fred-104, Will-043, and Linda-058 to Onyx. In Halo 3, Hood is in overall command of Earth's defense with Commander Miranda Keyes reporting directly to him. He accepts the need for humanity to ally with the Elites, but is not entirely happy about it. He leads the remaining human naval forces in an attack on the Prophet of Truth's dreadnought,⁴⁸ but the attack fails when the Forerunner artifact under New Mombasa activates, creating a portal to the Ark. When the Master Chief, Keyes, and several Elite and human forces choose to follow the Prophet of Truth through the portal, he decides to stay behind to make a final stand on Earth.⁴⁹ At the end of the game, he commemorates a small monument to the war and the sacrifices it involved.

Danforth Whitcomb

Vice Admiral Danforth Whitcomb is deputy chief of naval operations in the UNSC. When Reach falls under Covenant attack before the events of Halo: Combat Evolved, he is rescued by Gamma Team, a division of the Spartans sent to defend Reach from the Covenant invasion.⁵⁰ He is later picked up by the Master Chief and escaped in Gettysburg-Ascendant Justice. Whitcomb sacrifices himself to destroy the bulk of the Covenant invasion fleet near the Unyielding Hierophant. Broadcasting a challenge to fight along with a picture of a Forerunner artifact the Covenant had been searching for, Whitcomb uses the captured Covenant cruiser Ascendant Justice to cluster the Covenant around the Hierophant, whose reactors are about to detonate.⁵¹ The station explodes, destroying almost all of the Covenant fleet.⁵²

Antonio Silva

Major Antonio Silva is commander of the Marine Helljumper battalion on the Pillar of Autumn when it crashes on Halo in Halo: Combat Evolved. An Orbital Drop Shock Trooper, Silva harbors little love for the SPARTAN-II program, bearing a grudge from when several of his fellow Helljumpers were killed as a test of a Spartan's willingness to obey orders.⁵³ Though a brilliant tactical commander, Silva is ambitious to a fault, and is also very protective of his own troops. His subordinates feel his ambition clouds his judgment.⁵⁴ At the end of Halo: The Flood, he leads the assault and capture of the Covenant ship Truth and Reconciliation, and, blinded by his own ambitions, refuses to exterminate the remaining Flood specimens on board, believing that humanity needs to see live specimens of the parasite.⁵⁵ He is killed when his subordinate, Lieutenant McKay, destroys the cruiser rather than let the Flood escape.

Melissa McKay

Lieutenant Melissa McKay is Major Silva's executive officer during the events of Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo: The Flood. A brave and stalwart officer who fought in several battles on the Halo construct, McKay was driven close to the breaking point as the battle wore on and the Flood parasite began to emerge. At the end of the novel, McKay attempted to convince Silva that they could not leave Halo with live Flood specimens on board the Truth and Reconciliation, but Silva refused to listen to her.⁵⁶ Taking matters into her own hands, McKay destroyed a critical control line to the cruiser's bridge with a fragmentation grenade, causing the ship to crash and killing everyone on board to contain the spread of the Flood.⁵⁶

Wallace Jenkins

Private Wallace A. Jenkins is one of many UNSC forces that survives the initial Covenant attack in Halo: Combat Evolved. Halo: Contact Harvest reveals that the soldier was a member of the colony Harvest's defense squad, where his family is killed. In Halo: The Flood, Jenkins assists in defending the human stronghold under the command of Major Antonio Silva. He is also part of an assault team led by Sergeant Avery Johnson and Captain Jacob Keyes, sent to recover a Covenant arms cache during Halo: Combat Evolved. The team is overwhelmed by the Flood, leaving the entire squad except Sergeant Johnson infected and resulting in the eventual death of Captain Keyes. In the video game, the Master Chief recovers Jenkins' helmet, and reviews the recording of the mission that it contained, introducing the Flood to the player through the Marines eyes. In Halo, the fate of the Marine is left unknown.

Halo: The Flood reveals the fate of Jenkins; the Private is transformed into a Combat Form of the Flood along with the rest of his squad, but he is able to exercise a certain degree of control over the infection, due to the mind of the parasite being weakened by its long hibernation.⁵⁷ He uses this limited control in an attempt to end his own life, charging at UNSC Marines in the hope that they would shoot him.⁵⁸ Instead he is captured, as a live specimen for study. He is brought aboard the Covenant cruiser Truth and Reconciliation as part of a mission under ODST Major Silva to capture a Covenant vessel and return it to Earth intact. Jenkins successfully convinces Lieutenant McKay, that such a mission would spread the Flood to Earth, and Jenkins dies with the other human troops on the vessel as it crashed into Halo.⁵⁹

Kurt-051

Kurt-051 is one of the primary characters of Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, and is one of the SPARTAN-II supersoldiers. Kurt was much more social than the other Spartans, going to lengths to be friends with not only his fellow Spartans but also the support personnel who trained and aided them.⁶⁰ After the death of Sam-034 in 2531, Kurt was assigned to replace him as a member of Blue Team under the command of the Master Chief. Later that year, his thruster pack malfunctions while EVA, and unbeknownst to his teammates he is picked up by Colonel James Ackerson and offered a job training recruits for the SPARTAN-III program.⁶¹ Kurt is assigned to head up the selection and training of the next generation of Spartans, training three companies of approximately three hundred SPARTAN-IIIs each at Onyx. During Halo: Ghosts of Onyx, Kurt is killed by detonating two nuclear warheads to prevent the Covenant from pursuing his comrades into the Dyson Sphere on Onyx.

In reviews of Ghosts of Onyx, critics were divided on Kurt as a character. IGN thought that Kurt was an interesting addition to the Halo lore.⁶² On the other hand, some publications believed that Kurt was a middling character at best, and that his death was anticlimactic. SubNova wrote, "This guy we spent the whole book not liking too much, disliking, then learning to tolerate again, just died, wasting all our emotions, and, effectively, our time."⁶³

Nicole

Main article: Nicole (Dead or Alive)

Nicole, codenamed SPARTAN-458, is a twenty-sixth century human female from Mars who was kidnapped by the United Nations Space Command (UNSC) and placed into the SPARTAN-II Project,⁶⁴ and who eventually becomes a Petty Officer Second Class. She is voiced by Lyssa Browne, appears in Team Ninja's 2006 fighting game Dead or Alive 4, and is a result of collaboration between the game's developers and Bungie Studios.⁶⁵ After Team Ninja asked Bungie to use the protagonist of Halo, the Master Chief, in their game, Nicole was created instead to avoid storyline conflicts.⁶⁵ Her presence in the Dead or Alive universe is explained as an accident involving the space-time continuum that has transported her to the twenty-first century.⁶⁶ Her appearance in pre-release promotional previews of Dead or Alive 4 raised interest in the game's development.⁶⁷ Post-release reviews listed Nicole as one of the game's positive aspects; the character was described as not only a way to attract fans of the Halo franchise but also as a fearsome, evenly balanced character.

The Covenant

The High Prophets

Two of the Hierarchs, Regret and Truth, consult.

High Prophets, or Hierarchs, are the supreme leaders of the theocratic Covenant. Upon assuming office, each Hierarch picks a new regnal name from a list of names of former Hierarchs, similar to the practice of Catholic Popes and some Orthodox Patriarchs.⁶⁸ In Halo 2, there are shown to be only three; the Prophets of Truth, Mercy, and Regret (voiced by Michael Wincott, Hamilton Camp and Robin Atkin Downes in Halo 2, respectively; in Halo 3, Truth is voiced by Terrence Stamp). The novel Halo: Contact Harvest reveals that these three Prophets, originally known as the Minister of Fortitude, the Vice-Minister of Tranquility, and the Philologist,⁶⁹ plotted to usurp the throne of the Hierarchs; in the process, they hide the truth that humanity is descended from the Covenant gods, the Forerunner, believing that the revelation could shatter the Covenant. During the course of Halo 2, Regret attacks Earth, then retreats to Delta Halo. There, he calls for reinforcements, but is killed by the Master Chief. Later, Mercy is attacked by Flood on High Charity, and abandoned by Truth. In Halo 3, Truth also meets his demise at the hands of the Arbiter when the Prophet attempts to activate all the Halo rings from the Ark.

Preliminary designs for the Prophets, including the Hierarchs, were done by artist Shi Kai Wang. According to The Art of Halo, the Prophets were designed to look feeble, yet sinister.⁷⁰ Originally, the Prophets appeared to be fused to the special hovering thrones they use for transport;⁷⁰ even in the final designs, the Prophets are made to be dependent on their technology. Special headdresses, stylized differently for each of the Hierarchs, adds personality to the aliens and a regal presence.⁷¹

Arbiter

Main article: Arbiter (Halo)

The Arbiter is a rank given to special Covenant Elite soldiers who undertake suicidal missions on behalf of the Hierarchs to gain honor upon their death. They are revered amongst the Covenant for their bravery and skills. In Halo 2, the rank of Arbiter is given to the disgraced former Supreme Commander of the Fleet of Particular Justice. Under his watch the Ascendant Justice was captured by the Master Chief and Installation 04 was destroyed. Rather than killing him, the Prophets allow the Commander to become the Arbiter, and to carry on his missions as the "Blade of the Prophets".⁷² Eventually, the Arbiter rebels against the Prophets and joins his fellow Elites in siding with humanity and stopping the Halo network from firing.

Originally to be named "Dervish",⁷³ the Arbiter was a playable character intended to be a major plot twist by Bungie.⁷⁴ Reception to the character was lukewarm, with critics alternatively praising the added dimension brought by the Arbiter⁷⁵⁷⁶ as well as complaining about having to play as the alien.⁷⁷

Rtas 'Vadumee

Making his debut in Halo 2, the Special Ops Commander is never named in the game itself, leading to the unofficial nickname of "Half-Jaw" by fans,⁷⁸ due to the missing mandibles on the left side of his face. With the release of the Halo Graphic Novel, however, the character was finally named in the story Last Voyage of the Infinite Succor as Rtas 'Vadum. The character is voiced by Robert Davi.

'Vadum, originally Vadumee before the Covenant Civil War, is a veteran Covenant Elite and the second most prominent Elite character in the series after the Arbiter. The Last Voyage of the Infinite Succor explains how he loses his mandible; he is injured after fighting one of his friends, who was infected by the Flood.⁷⁹ During the early events of Halo 2, 'Vadum serves as a messenger between the Hierarchs and the Elite Council, as he is seen relaying messages between the two parties in the Prophets' chamber;⁸⁰ when the Elites split from the Covenant, 'Vadum joins his brethren in fighting the Brutes.⁸¹ In Halo 3, 'Vadum is shipmaster of the flagship Shadow of Intent, and supports Cortana's plan to follow Truth to the Ark. Along with the Arbiter, 'Vadumee leaves Earth to return to the Elite's homeworld with the end of the war.

Tartarus

Tartarus (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) is the Chieftain of the Brutes, easily recognized by his white hair, distinctive mohawk, and massive war hammer known as the "Fist of Rukt". He is named for the deepest part of the Ancient Greek underworld, where the Titans are imprisoned. Rough, arrogant, and disdainful of the Elites, Tartarus is completely dedicated to the Prophets' "Great Journey". Halo: Contact Harvest reveals that Tartarus became Chieftain after killing his uncle (Maccabeus) and seizing the Chieftain's weapon. Tartarus makes his first appearance in the novel Halo: First Strike, as one of the first Brutes allowed into the chamber of the High Prophet of Truth.⁸² In Halo 2, Tartarus acts as an agent of the Prophets, branding the Arbiter for his failures. The Chieftain later appears when the Arbiter tries to retrieve the activation index of Delta Halo. On the Prophets' orders, Tartarus takes the Index and pushes the Arbiter to what was intended to be his death in the deep central chasm of the Library.⁸³ Tartarus heads to the control room of Halo with the Index in order to activate Halo, but is confronted by the Arbiter. Blind to the Prophets' deception about the Great Journey, Tartarus activates the ring; the Brute is ultimately killed by the coordinated efforts of the Arbiter with the help of Sergeant Johnson, successfully preventing the firing of Delta Halo.

Designs for Tartarus began after the basic shape and design of the common Brutes was complete.⁸⁴ Artist Shi Kai Wang added small but distinctive changes to Tartarus' armor and mane in order to distinguish the Chieftain from the other Brutes.⁸⁵ The visual design of the Chieftains was later modified for Halo 3, with the seasoned warriors sporting more elaborate headdresses and shoulder pads.⁵ In a review of the character, UGO Networks noted that whereas the Elites "are a precision scalpel", Tartarus was a "baseball bat" that smashes everything in its path.⁸⁶

Sesa 'Refumee

Sesa 'Refumee (voiced by Miguel Ferrer) is the first boss character in Halo 2, presented as a Heretic to the Covenant faith and an enemy to the Arbiter as a result. Encountering Halo's Monitor, 343 Guilty Spark, 'Refumee rebels against the Prophets, realizing that their "great journey" is false.⁸⁷ To quell the insurrection, the High Prophets send the Arbiter to silence 'Refumee and all those who follow him.⁸⁸ Flushing 'Refumee out of hiding, the Arbiter eventually kills the heretic, although he plants seeds of doubt in the Arbiter's mind as to the true nature of the Great Journey.

Voro 'Mantakree

Voro 'Mantakree is a Major Domo Covenant Elite who is forced to kill his Ship Master when the superior officer goes mad from the "glory" of the ring world known as Delta Halo.⁸⁹ When Voro assumes control of the Covenant destroyer, he engages several Brute vessels and narrowly escapes.⁹⁰ Voro is then summoned to a meeting, along with his fellow Ship Masters. Once there, Xytan 'Jar Watinree, a high-ranking Elite, promotes him for his wisdom. The newly promoted Voro assembles a Covenant armada, and invades the planet Onyx. On the surface 'Mantakree encounters Kurt-051, injured from previous fighting and on the verge of death. 'Mantakree treats him honorably and respectfully, allowing him to stand and die a warrior's death. Kurt activates a pair of nuclear warheads, annihilating himself along with all the Covenant present, including 'Mantakree, in order to stop them from reaching Onyx's Dyson Sphere.

Forerunner

343 Guilty Spark

343 Guilty Spark in Halo 3

343 Guilty Spark (voiced in all games by Tim Dadabo) is the Monitor of Installation 04. He is first encountered by the player at the end of Halo's sixth level, "343 Guilty Spark", after the Flood breach containment. He enlists the help of the Master Chief, whom he calls a "Reclaimer", to activate Halo's defenses,⁹¹ neglecting to tell the Master Chief that Halo's "defenses" would cause the destruction of all sentient life in the galaxy.¹⁴ He attempts to stop the Master Chief and Cortana from destroying the Pillar of Autumn, and thereby destroying Halo, but is ultimately thwarted when the ship explodes and destabilizes his ring. Discovered in the system by the Covenant, Spark, known as an "Oracle" to the Prophets eventually informs the Covenant Hierarchs of how to access Installation 05 in Halo 2. In Halo 3 Spark allies with the humans and Elites; since his installation has been destroyed and he has no more orders, Spark decides to help the Master Chief. Leading the Chief across the Ark, Guilty Spark discovers a new, uncompleted Halo, which is being built to replace Installation 04. Guilty Spark is ecstatic, but when Sergeant Johnson prepares to fire the new Halo to stop the Flood— a process that would destroy the incomplete ring and damage the Ark — Spark goes berserk, refusing to let the Reclaimers destroy "his" ring.⁹² He is subsequently destroyed by the Master Chief, but Sergeant Johnson is mortally wounded in the fight.

Guilty Spark's chirpy attitude is seen as "sarcastic" and varying from "annoying to downright conniving and hostile".⁹³ Dadabo noted in an interview that reactions to his character have been hostile, finding Spark highly annoying.¹¹ An annual Halloween pumpkin carving contest named 343 Guilt O'Lantern is organized by Halo.Bungie.Org; both the contest's title and logo use the character's design and name as inspiration.⁹⁴

2401 Penitent Tangent

2401 Penitent Tangent, voiced by John Michael Higgins, first appears in Halo 2 as the Monitor of Installation 05, in the custody of Gravemind. Aside from a red eye, his appearance is identical to 343 Guilty Spark. While Penitent Tangent's screentime is quite limited in comparison with Guilty Spark, his brief scenes reveal that his personality and overall behavior are nearly identical. Penitent Tangent, like Guilty Spark, quickly identifies the Master Chief as a "Reclaimer" who can activate the facility and contain the outbreak of the Flood.⁹⁵ The businesslike attitude of the Monitor distresses the High Prophet of Regret, who insists that "[...] of all the objects our lords [the Forerunners left behind, there are none so worthless as these Oracles [Monitors]! They know nothing of The Great Journey!"⁹⁶

Mendicant Bias

An unseen character, Mendicant Bias is a Forerunner A.I. mentioned and encountered repeatedly in the terminals that can be accessed in Halo 3. Bias is created by the Forerunners to coordinate their war against the Flood; however Gravemind convinces the A.I. that the Forerunner are holding back evolution in a selfish attempt to maintain the status quo; as a result, Mendicant Bias opts to join the Flood and lead their forces through the Forerunner defenses, forcing Didact to fire the Halo array. Despite his defeat, Offensive Bias saves the A.I., bringing him to the Ark, and occasionally talks with the protagonist through the terminals. At the final terminal in the game, Bias explains that he will attempt to help the Reclaimer (the Master Chief) in an effort to atone for his past transgressions.⁹⁷

Offensive Bias

Offensive Bias is a Forerunner artificial intelligence, created by Didact specifically to prevent a rampant Mendicant Bias from reaching the Ark and preventing Didact from firing the Halo rings. Offensive Bias, commanding a forerunner fleet of both artificially and biologically piloted ships, meets Mendicant Bias' fleet of Flood-controlled ships as they cross into Forerunner Space. Offensive Bias notes that Medicant's rampancy has affected its judgement,⁹⁸ and leads the rampant A.I. into a trap, distracting Mendicant Bias and depleting its ships while the Forerunners set about activating the Halo network, rendering the Flood-controlled fleet useless. All those aboard the Forerunner ships were also killed by the Halo effect, but Offensive Bias, knowing his creators were going to activate the rings, was prepared to assume control of the Forerunner fleet after those onboard the ships were killed. Instead of destroying Mendicant Bias utterly as he flees, Offensive Bias demonstrates a degree of mercy towards the rogue by preserving part of his personality construct array for study, noting that Mendicant Bias would not have likely extended him the same courtesy.⁹⁹

Didact

An unseen character who appears in a number of terminal entries in Halo 3. Didact serves as a high-ranking member of the Forerunner military, and is the Librarian's lover. Didact repeatedly asks that the Librarian return to the safety of the Ark, but the Librarian refuses to abandon a mission to "index" sentient species.¹⁰⁰ When Mendicant Bias betrays the Forerunners, Didact has no choice but to activate the Halo array; afterwards, Didact sets out on what is referred to as a "Great Journey."¹⁰¹

The Librarian

A fourth unseen character, the Librarian is an idealistic Forerunner who attempts to save as many sentient species as possible from the Flood. The Librarian's lover, Didact, repeatedly demands that the Librarian return to the safety of the Ark, but the Librarian refuses, as the need to save all life in the galaxy is paramount.¹⁰⁰ The Librarian eventually finds Earth; here, the Librarian builds the Forerunner artifact which opens a gateway to the Ark; the Librarian also builds a garden which is "translated" in the terminal as Eden.¹⁰²

Flood

Gravemind

Main article: Gravemind

Gravemind is one of the primary antagonists in the Halo series. The Gravemind is a large, sentient creature of Flood origin, created by the parasite to serve as its central intelligence once a critical biomass has been achieved. It was introduced during the events of Halo 2, where the creature saves both the Master Chief and Arbiter from their deaths, bringing the two face to face in the bowels of Delta Halo. Gravemind reveals to the Arbiter that the "sacred rings" are actually weapons of last resort; a fact the Master Chief confirms.¹⁰³ In order to stop Halo from being fired, Gravemind teleports the Master Chief and Arbiter to separate locations, but also uses them as a distraction; Gravemind infects the human ship In Amber Clad, and invades the Covenant city of High Charity.¹⁰⁴ Capturing Cortana, Gravemind brings High Charity to the Ark in an effort to stop the High Prophet of Truth from activating the Halo network. Although the Master Chief destroys High Charity, Gravemind attempts to rebuild himself on Halo.¹⁰⁵ When Halo is activated, Gravemind is resigned to his fate, determined that the activation of the ring will only slow, not stop, the progress of the Flood.¹⁰⁶

Designed to be a massive, horrifying combination of tentacles and rotting matter,¹⁰⁷ reception to the character was generally poor. Mike Leonard of the AllXbox community said that the introduction of the "Little Shop of Horrors" reject "ruined the 'cool'" of the Halo franchise.¹⁰⁸ Jeremy Parish of 1UP.com complained that the link between Gravemind and the Flood was never explicitly stated in either Halo 2 or Halo 3 and was hardly seen in the last game.¹⁰⁹

Merchandise

The Halo franchise has produced numerous merchandising partnerships, and the characters of Halo have likewise been featured in a variety of products. The Master Chief, being the symbol of the franchise, has appeared on everything from soda to t-shirts and mugs. At one point, marketers for Halo 3 were planning on producing Cortana-themed lingerie.¹¹⁰ There have also been several series of licensed action figures produced, with the Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2 collectibles being produced by Joyride Studios in several series.¹¹¹¹¹² For Halo 3, the responsibility of designing the action figures was given to McFarlane Toys;¹¹³ a total of three series have been announced, with a total of thirty-two figurines.¹¹⁴ Kotobukiya has also produced high-end figurines, retailing at about US$100.¹¹⁵ Besides general figures like Covenant Elites and Spartans, figurines produced include the Master Chief, Cortana, Arbiter, Prophet of Regret, Tartarus, and Sergeant Johnson.¹¹²

Notes