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| Jacobaea maritima | ||||||||||||||||
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 Dusty Miller
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| Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden (2005) |
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 Range of uncultivated S. cineraria.
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Cineraria bicolor Willd. |
Senecio cineraria also known as Dusty miller is a species of Senecio from the family Asteraceae, a native perennial of the Mediterranean and widely cultivated as an annual for its silver, felt-like leaves.
Senecio cineraria shares the common name Dusty miller with other plants that also have silvery leaves; the two most often to share the name are Centaurea cineraria and Lychnis coronaria.
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Common names
- English: Dusty miller, Silver ragwort
- French: Cinéraire maritime, Séneçon Cinéraire, Séneçon cendré
- Italian: Cineraria, Senecione cinerario
- Japanese: シロタエギク
- Polish: starzec srebrzysty
- Russian: Крестовник цинерариевый, Цинерария морская[3][4]
- Swedish: Silverek
- Chinese: 銀葉菊 [5]
Description
Jacobaea maritima is a very white-woolly,[6] frost tender, heat and drought tolerant, evergreen,[7] perennial, dicot, subshrub[2] that can grow to be 2 feet (0.61 m) or less tall[6] and 18 inches (46 cm) to 24 inches (61 cm) wide.[7]
Leaves and stems: Stiff stems[7] branching from the base, and covered in long, white, matted hairs. The leaves are lance-shaped, 2 inches (5.1 cm) to 6 inches (15 cm) long, serrated, pinnately cut,[7] stiff, with oblong and obtuse segments,[6] numerous and like the stems, also covered with long, white, matted hairs.[7]
Flowers: Yellow or white in daisy-like,[8] 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) wide,[7] rayless,[6] compact flower heads resembling a single flower, but really composed of several florets inclosed in a common whorl of sepals or ring of bracts at the base of the flower stalk.[6] S. cineraria does not produce flowers the first year.[8]
Seeds: Fruit are cylindrical achenes.[7]
Distribution
- Africa
- Asia
- Europe
- Southeastern Europe: Aegean Islands, Kastelorizo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Sardinia, Sicily, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia.
- Southwestern Europe: France, Corsica, Monaco, Gibraltar, Spain
- Africa
- Northern Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Gran Canaria, Graciosa,
- America
- Asia
- Europe
- Northern Europe: Channel Islands, Ireland, United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland), Sweden
- Middle Europe: Germany
- Southeastern Europe: Aegean Islands, Bulgaria, Crimea, Cyprus, Kastelorizo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Sardinia, Sicily, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia.
- Southwestern Europe: Corsica, France, Gibraltar, Ibiza, Formentera, Mallorca, Minorca, Monaco, São Jorge Island, São Miguel Island, Pico Island, Santa Maria Island, Terceira Island, Spain
- West Europe: Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands
Horticulture
| S. Cineraria is an old-fashioned garden plant. Liberty Hyde Bailey, 1917[6] |
Jacobaea maritima is known in the world of horticulture to be a tender perennial, that is winter hardy to USDA Zones 8-10,[8][9] and often lasts past the first frost, tolerant of shade but with some sun produces the best foliage color.[8] As an annual, it grows in a rounded clump 6 inches (15 cm) to 15 inches (38 cm); as a perennial, it gets shrubby and can grow to 2 feet (0.61 m) tall. Often the cultivars do not produce flowers at all and new plants are purchased every year or cuttings gathered in the autumn.[8]
Recommended as fire resistant landscaping in California[10] that also is an attractive way to screen around outdoor electrical installations,[11] as a plant that deer do not seem to like well enough to severely damage by eating,[12] whose leaves are attractive to two species of old world bees (Megachilidae: Anthidium manicatum and Anthidium oblongatum)[13] and as a water conserving perennial[14] which is also a reliable halophile.[15]
Subspecies which are synonyms
- Senecio bicolor (Willd.) Todaro ssp. cineraria (DC.) Chater[16]
- Senecio bicolor subsp. cineraria (DC.) Chater
- Senecio cineraria subsp. bicolor (Willd.) Arcang.[3]
References
- ^ Pelser, Pieter B.; Barbara Gravendeel and Ruud van der Meijden (2002). "Tackling speciose genera: species composition and phylogenetic position of Senecio sect. Jacobaea (Asteraceae) based onplastid and nrDNA sequences". American Journal of Botany 89: 929-939. Botanical Society of America. Retrieved on 2008-06-29.
- ^ a b c Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). "PLANTS Profile, Senecio cineraria DC." (HTML). The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
- ^ a b c d Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (2007-05-04). "Taxon: Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden" (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
- ^ a b c d Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. "Details for: Jacobaea maritima" (HTML). Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
- ^ Taiwan Plant Names. "Taiwan/Dicots" 1: 141. Retrieved on 2008-04-03.
- ^ a b c d e f Bailey, Liberty Hyde (1917). "Senecio", The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture: A Discussion for the Amateur, and ... (HTML), 6, The Macmillan Company, 3639. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g Jesse Saylor. "Dusty Miller (Senecio cineraria)" (HTML). Plant Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ a b c d e Kemper Center for Home Gardening. "Senecio cineraria" (HTML). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ United States National Arboretum (2003-10-06). "Hardiness Zones -- Details" (HTML). USDA Hardiness Zone Map. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ Jeanette Knutson-Pedersen (July 2005). "Tree Notes" (PDF). Fire Safe Landscaping. Plumas Fire Safe Council. Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
- ^ T&D Engineering and Technical Support (2002-02-02). "LANDSCAPE SCREEN FOR PAD-MOUNTED TRANSFORMERS" (PDF). UG-1: Transformers Greenbook. City of Davis. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ Forrest W. Appleton, Retired certifed nursery professional, Bexar County Master Gardener (2003-09-29). "Coping with the deer by the use of deer resistant plants." (HTML). [PLANTanswers http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/web.html. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 2008-02-29.
- ^ Shane R. Miller, Robert Gaebel, Randall J. Mitchell, and Mike Arduser; University of Akron. "OCCURRENCE OF TWO SPECIES OF OLD WORLD BEES, ANTHIDIUM MANICATUM AND A. OBLONGATUM (APOIDEA: MEGACHILIDAE), IN NORTHERN OHIO AND SOUTHERN MICHIGAN". THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 35 (1): 65–69. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ City of Paso Robles. "Water Conserving Plants - Perennials 13-16" (PDF). Paso Robles Water Division. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ York County Office. "Salt Tolerant Plants for Water-front Applications" (PDF). Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (1995-05-28). "Taxon: Senecio cineraria DC." (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
Further reading
- Stephanie A. Doran (2005-05-02). "Analyzing the Effects of Gasoline Vapors on Senecio cineraria: Acute vs. Chronic Exposure" (PDF). CALIFORNIA STATE SCIENCE FAIR 2005 PROJECT SUMMARY. 2005 California State Science Fair. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- Manual of Gardening (Second Edition) at Project Gutenberg
- Edward F. Gilman, Teresa Howe (October 1999). "Fact Sheet FPS-544 Senecio cineraria" (PDF). 514 Shrub Fact Sheets. USDA, Cooperative extension service. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
