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History
Scroll and Key was established by John Porter, William Kingsley, Samuel Perkins, Enos Taft, Lebbeus Chapin, George Jackson, Homer Sprague, Charlton Lewis, Calvin Child and Josiah Harmer in 1841.12 The society was organized by 12 members of the Yale Class of 1842, those mentioned above with Theodore Runyon, Issac Hiester and Leonard Case. (William Kingsley, the namesake of the alumni organization, was a member of the Class of 1843.) The thirteen were "dissatisfied with the elections to Skull and Bones Society."1
For ten years, the society tapped annually twelve members; thereafter, "Keys," as the group is known colloquially, thought best to follow the tradition of fifteen undergraduate members established by "Bones" for a Yale senior year cohort,1 sustained by Wolf's Head Society and further emulated by the other landed societies -- Elihu, Manuscript, Book and Snake, and Berzelius -- at the college.
Tax records show an endowment worth several million dollars more than that of its elder counterpart, Skull and Bones. In addition to financing its own activities, "Keys" has made numerous donations to Yale over the years: the John Addison Porter Prize, awarded annually by Yale since 1872, and in 1917 an endowment for the Yale University Press which has funded the publication of The Yale Shakespeare and other scholarly works. George Parmly Day founded the Yale University Press.
Many "Keysmen" have been and would be considered members of the power elite. Membership has been defined by two differing and sometime overlapping demographics among the rising senior class: the leading architects, scientists, singers, and squash, crew or hockey athletes, and the descendants of the Mayflower families and families among Caroline Webster Schermerhorn Astor's "400." "Keys" co-educated in 1989.
Architecture
- Richard Morris Hunt. (1869-70, Moorish- or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts.) Architectural historian Patrick Pinnell includes an in-depth discussion of Keys' building in his 1999 history of Yale's campus, relating the then-notable cost overruns associated with the Keys structure and its aesthetic significance within the campus landscape. Pinnell's history shares the fact that the land was purchased from another secret society, Berzelius.
Regarding its distinctive appearance, Pinnell noted that "19th century artists' studios commonly had exotic orientalia lying about to suggest that the painter was sophisticated, well traveled, and in touch with mysterious powers; Hunt's Scroll and Key is one instance in which the trope got turned into a building."3
Notable members
- Hugh Knowlton, Chairman and CEO, Smith Barney5
- John Enders (1919) - shared 1954 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine4
- Irwin Laughlin (1893) - US Ambassador, Spain, 1929-33.6
- Dean Acheson - 51st United States Secretary of State 7
- C.Tracy Barnes (1932) - Central Intelligence Agency; Bay of Pigs4
- Cy Vance (1939) - 57th Secretary of State; Secretary of the Army; Chairman, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.4
- Thomas Enders, (1953) - Ambassador, Spain '83-'86, Assistant Sec. of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, Ambassador to the European Union '79-'81, Ambassador to Canada, '76-'79; Salomon Brothers4
- Peter Liguori (1982) - President and CEO of FX Networks (Fox)4
- Noborne Berkeley, (1945) - President and Director, Chemical Bank (now JPMorgan Chase), Freeport-McMoRan4
- Winthrop Brown, (1929), Ambassador: Korea, Laos; Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs.9
- Fareed Zakaria (1986) - Newsweek International11
- Sidney Morse Colgate, (1885), Chairman of Colgate-Palmolive Co., President of Corporation of Colgate University.4
- Robert O. Hayward (1909)- Dillon, Read & Co.,Rhodes Scholar 12
- William Frew (1903) - President, Carnegie Institute; Chairman, Carnegie Institute of Technology.13
- John Lindsay (1944) - Mayor, New York City; Representative, New York's 17th District4
- Robert Wagner (1933) - Mayor, New York City; Envoy to the Vatican; Ambassador to Spain4
- Andrew J. Samet (1978) - Deputy Under Secretary for International Affairs, Department of Labor.15
- Thomas Hewes (1910) - Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.16
- Charles D. Dickey (1916) - Brown Brothers Harriman, Morgan Guaranty Trust.17
- Homer D. Babbidge (1946) - President, University of Connecticut.19
- James L. Connaughton (1982) - Chairman of the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)20
| Name | Year Tapped | Known For | Cord Meyer, Jr. | 1943 | Central Intelligence Agency; United World Federalists4 | Frank Polk | 1894 | Davis Polk & Wardwell; (acting) Secretary of State, managed conclusion to World War I4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theodore Runyon | 1842 | Envoy, then Ambassador, Germany; Battle of Bull Run4 | ||||||
| Allen Wardwell | 1895 | Russian War Relief, Davis Polk & Wardwell; Bank of New York; Vice-President, American-Russian Chamber of Commerce.4 | ||||||
| Thaddeus Beal, | 1939 | Under-Secretary of the Army, Pres. Harvard Trust Co.4 | ||||||
| William C. Bullitt, | 1912 | US Ambassador, France, '36-'41, first US Ambassador, Soviet Russia, '33-'36.4 | ||||||
| Huntington D. Sheldon, | 1925 | Central Intelligence Agency; Director of the Office of Current Intelligence; President, Petroleum Corporation of America.4 | ||||||
| Warren Zimmermann | 1956 | US Ambassador, Yugoslavia, 1989-1992; author of book about the causes of Yugoslavia's dissolution.4 | ||||||
| Roscoe S. Suddarth | 1956 | President, Middle East Institute; US Ambassador to Jordan; American Iranian Council.4 | ||||||
| Lewis Sheldon, | 1895 | US Peace Commission, Paris Peace Conference, 1918; Olympic medalist, track and field.4 | ||||||
| Raymond R. Guest | 1931 | US Ambassador, Ireland; Special Assistant to Secretary of Defense, 1945-47; horse breeder; polo Hall of fame.4 | ||||||
| Stanley Rogers Resor | US Secretary of the Army, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.4 | |||||||
| A. Bartlett Giamatti | 16th Yale University president; National League president, MLB Commissioner 7 | |||||||
| Paul Mellon | philanthropist 7 | |||||||
| Robert McCormick | 1903 | Chicago Tribune; Kirkland & Ellis4 | ||||||
| Henry deForest | 1876 | Southern Pacific Railroad4 | ||||||
| J. Peter Grace | 1936 | W. R. Grace & Co.8 | ||||||
| Cornelius Vanderbilt III | 1895 | Vanderbilt heir.10 | ||||||
| James Stillman Rockefeller | President and Chairman, The First National City Bank of New York; Olympic gold medal for crew, 19244 | |||||||
| Brewster Jennings | 1920 | Founder and President of the Socony Mobil Oil Company Standard Oil of New York; president, Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases and Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research4 | ||||||
| Gilbert Colgate, | 1883 | President and Chairman of Colgate & Co.4 | ||||||
| Benjamin Brewster | 1929 | director, Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey (later Exxon).4 | ||||||
| Seymour H. Knox | 1920 | American retailer, F. W. Woolworth Company.4 | ||||||
| Donald R. McLennan | 1931 | Founder and Chairman, insurance brokerage firm Marsh & McLennan4 | ||||||
| Moses Taylor | banker, railroad baron, wealthiest man in America.10 | |||||||
| Stone Phillips | 1977 | Dateline NBC4 | ||||||
| Gideon Rose | 1987 | Foreign Affairs4 | ||||||
| Philip B. Heymann | 1954 | Watergate Special Prosecutor, Deputy Attorney General; Professor, Harvard Law School.4 | ||||||
| Joseph M. Patterson | 1901 | founder, New York Daily News; manager, Chicago Tribune10 | ||||||
| George Edgar Vincent | 1885 | President of the University of Minnesota; President of the Rockefeller Foundation10 | ||||||
| Ethan A. H. Shepley | 1918 | Chancellor, Washington University in St. Louis.4 | ||||||
| James L. Connaughton | 1982 | Chairman of the White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)4 | ||||||
| Robert D. Orr | 1940 | Governor of Indiana; US Ambassador, Singapore.4 | ||||||
| Joseph Medill McCormick | 1900 | U.S. Senate '19-'24, Publisher, Chicago Tribune.4 | ||||||
| James C. Auchincloss, | 1908 | Representative, US Congress 1943-1965, Governor of the NYSE., US Military Intelligence WWI.4 | ||||||
| Herbert Parsons | 1890 | US Congress '04-'10; leading supporter of League of Nations.4 | ||||||
| Fred Dubois | 1872 | First US Senator from Idaho 1891-1897, resigned, re-elected 1901-1907; Opponent of gold standard; Engineered statehood for Idaho.4 | ||||||
| Richardson Dilworth | 1921 | Mayor of Philadelphia 1955-1962.14 | ||||||
| Frederick B. Dent, | 1944 | US Secretary of Commerce.4 | ||||||
| John Dalzell, | 1865 | US Congress4 | ||||||
| Wayne Chatfield-Taylor | 1916 | President, Export-Import Bank; Undersecretary of Commerce; Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.7 | ||||||
| William Nelson Runyon | 1892 | acting Governor of New Jersey (May 1919 - Jan 1920)4 | ||||||
| Newbold Morris | 1925 | New York laywer and politican4 | ||||||
| Randall L. Gibson | 1853 | US Senator 1883-1992 (Louisiana); US Representative, 1872-1882; Brigadier-General in the Confederate States Army; President, Tulane University.4 | ||||||
| Mortimer R. Proctor | 1912 | Governor of Vermont, 1945-47.4 | ||||||
| Carter Henry Harrison | 1845 | Mayor of Chicago, five terms 1879-93; US Representative, 1875-79; cousin of President William Henry Harrison.4 | ||||||
| George Shiras Jr. | 1853 | U.S. Supreme Court Justice4
|
Harvey Cushing | 1891 | neurosurgeon considered father of brain surgery10 | |||
| Dickinson W. Richards | 1917 | 1956 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine4 | ||||||
| Benjamin Spock | 1925 | Baby & Child Care7 | ||||||
| Edward Salisbury Dana | 1871 | Leading American mineralogist.4 | ||||||
| George Roy Hill | 1943 | 1974 Academy Award for Directing, The Sting4 | ||||||
| Cole Porter | entertainer21 | |||||||
| James Gamble Rogers | 1889 | collegiate Gothic architecture, favored architect of Edward Harkness10 | ||||||
| Gary Trudeau | cartoonist 7 | |||||||
| William Adams Delano | 1895 | Award-winning Architect; designed many of Yale buildings.4 |
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Change in Skull and Bones, Famous Yale Society Doubles Size of its House - Addition a Duplicate of Old Building", September 13, 1903, New York Times
- ^ "Yale Alumni Magazine: Old Yale". Yalealumnimagazine.com. Retrieved on 2008-10-18.
- ^ Pinnell, Patrick (1999). The Campus Guide: Yale University. Princeton Architectural Press, p. 125. ISBN 1568981678. OCLC 9781568981673. Retrieved on 2008-11-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay Giamatti, A. Bartlett (1978). History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972. The Scroll and Key Society.
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ a b c d e f "YALE'S GREAT OAK SEES 'TAP DAY' AGAIN; Senior Societies Return to the ... - Article Preview — The New York Times". Query.nytimes.com. Retrieved on 2008-10-17.
- ^ "J. Peter Grace — Business Executive, leading Catholic layman, Advisor to three U.S. Presidents — dies at age 81. | Government > Government Bodies & Offices from AllBusiness.com". Allbusiness.com. Retrieved on 2008-10-17.
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ a b c d e f HP-Time.com Monday, May. 31, 1926 (Monday, May. 31, 1926). "Wedlock — TIME". Time.com. Retrieved on 2008-10-17.
- ^ http://www.nndb.com/org/831/000044699/
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ "Tap Day Exercises are held at Yale". New York Times (May 20, 1921). Retrieved on 2008-11-10.
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ "YALE'S GREAT OAK SEES 'TAP DAY' AGAIN; Senior Societies Return to the ... - Article Preview - The New York Times". Query.nytimes.com. Retrieved on 2008-10-17.
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ History of Scroll and Key, 1942-1972 / by A. Bartlett Giamatti.
- ^ Robbins, Alexandra (2002). Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power. Back Bay Books. ISBN 0316735612. OCLC 978-0316735612.
