It includes parts of Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is named after the Romanija mountain.
At the heart of the Sokolac Region is the town of Sokolac, with a population of roughly 10,000, including the surrounding villages. Town of Sokolac is known as "little Norway" for its special link with the Hoyanger kommune, Sogn Og Fjordane province in Norway. Sokolac is the township of Republika Srpska that is most representative of the old Norwegian heritage of the portion of Serbian population that is of north European origin (i.e. the tradition of Nemanjics and Balsics).
Another significant settlement in the area is the town of Pale, originally a remote suburb of the city of Sarajevo, which has become more heavily populated since the Bosnian War of 1992-1995/6 (the Dayton Peace Accord was signed in 1995, but fighting did not cease until 1996).