Santō Kyōden
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Depiction of Santō Kyōden

Cover of the Komon gawa (小紋訝話; "Elegant chats on fabric design"), 1790

Santō Kyōden (山東京伝, santō kyōden^?, September 13, 1761 Edo–October 27, 1816) was a poet, writer and artist in the Edo period. His real name was Samuru Iwase (岩瀬醒, Samuru Iwase^?), and he was also known popularly as Kyōya Denzō (京屋伝蔵, kyōya denzō^?). He is the brother of Santō Kyōzan.

Life

Santō Kyōden was born in Fukagawa in Edo. The Iwase family into which he was born were pawnbrokers in a lumberyard. He studied ukiyo-e under master Kitao Shigenobu (北尾重寅, Kitao Shigenobu^?), and began illustrating kibyōshi under the pseudonym of Kitao Masanobu (北尾政寅, Kitao Masanobu^?). He soon started writing these novels also under the name of Santō Kyōden; several novels are labeled as written by Santō Kyōden and illustrated by Kitao Masanobu. He wrote kibyōshi and sharebon in great numbers, and became a popular writer. During this time he married twice, both his wives being licensed workers of Yoshiwara.

During the Kansei Reforms, "[...] military and civil arts were encouraged, and the decadent writings of gesaku authors were condemned." In 1791, Kyōden published three sharebon: Shikake Bunko (仕懸文庫, Shikake Bunko^?), Nishiki no Ura (錦之裏, Nishiki no Ura^?), and Shōgi Kinuburui (娼妓絹籭, Shōgi Kinuburui^?). This incurred the anger of the stricter government and he was chained in manacles to his house for fifty days as punishment.¹²

Kyōden then broke off all ties with sharebon and turned to writing yomihon. Kyokutei Bakin joined with Kyōden to write gesaku jointly, and independently Kyōden also wrote essentially historical texts on the manners and customs of the Edo period. Kyōden was an acute observer of life in the Edo period. While at ease with exaggeration, comedy and linguistic fun, his writing was primarily realistic.

Fiction writers prior to Kyōden generally wrote fiction as a hobby without any expectations of payment. Kyōden was one of the pioneers in turning this hobby into a livable profession.

Major works

Kibyōshi

• Those Familiar Bestsellers (御存商売物, Gozonji no Shōbaimono^?) (1782)
• Playboy, Roasted à la Edo (江戸生艶気蒲焼, Edo umare uwaki no kabayaki^?) (1785)
• The Unseamly Silverpiped Swingers (扮接銀煙管, Sogitsugi gingiseru^?) (1788)
• Shingaku Hayasomekusa (心学早染草, Shingaku Hayasomekusa^?) (1790)

Sharebon

• Musukobeya (令子洞房, Musukobeya^?) (1785)
• The Palace (通言総籬, Tsūgen Sōmagaki^?) (1787)
• Kokei no Sanshō (古契三娼, Kokei no Sanshō^?) (1787)
• The Forty-Eight Grips in Buying a Whore (傾城買四十八手, Keiseikai Shijūhatte^?) (1790)
• Shigeshige Chiwa (繁千話, Shigeshige Chiwa^?) (1790)
• Shikake Bunko (仕懸文庫, Shikake Bunko^?) (1791)
• Nishiki no Ura (錦之裏, Nishiki no Ura^?) (1791)
• The Courtesan's Silken Sieve (娼妓絹籭, Shōgi Kinuburui^?) (1791)

Yomihon

• Chūshin Suikoden (忠臣水滸伝, Chūshin Suikoden^?) (1799)
• Udonge Monogatari (優曇華物語, Udonge Monogatari^?) (1804)
• Sakura Hime Zenden Akebono no Zōshi (桜姫全伝曙草子, Sakura Hime Zenden Akebono no Zōshi^?) (1805)
• Mukashigatari Inazuma Byōshi (昔話稲妻表紙, Mukashigatari Inazuma Byōshi^?) (1806, translated by Carmen Blacker as "The Straw Sandal Or The Scroll of the Hundred Crabs", Global Oriental, 2008, ISBN 1-905-24664-1)

Historical works

• Kinsei Kiseki-kō (近世奇跡考, Kinsei Kiseki-kō^?) (1804)
• Curios (骨董集, kottō-shū^?) (1813)

See also

• Kibyōshi
• Sharebon
• Tsutaya Jūzaburō

Notes

References

• Keene, Donald (1976). World Within Walls: Japanese Literature of the Pre-Modern Era 1600-1867 (in English). New York: Grove Press. ISBN 0-394-17074-1. 
• Adam L. Kern (2006). Manga from the Floating World: Comicbook Culture and the Kibyôshi of Edo Japan. Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 0-674-02266-1. 
• Kubota, Jun (2007). Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Jiten (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 978-4-00-080310-6. 
• Earl Miner, Hiroko Odagiri and Robert E. Morrell (1985). The Princeton Companion to Classical Japanese Literature. Princeton University Press, 224–225. ISBN 0-691-06599-3. 
• This article incorporates material from the equivalent article in the Japanese Wikipedia.

External links

• "「浮世絵類考」と写楽について (Japanese)". On Ukiyoe Kinds and Sharaku. Retrieved on 2006-07-09.