SEGS
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Aerial view showing portions of four of the five SEGS III-VII plants located at Kramer Junction
Aerial view showing portions of four of the five SEGS III-VII plants located at Kramer Junction

Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) is the largest solar energy generating facility in the world. It consists of nine solar power plants in California's Mojave Desert, where insolation is among the best available in the United States. FPL Energy operates and partially owns the plants. SEGS III-VII (150 MW) are located at Kramer Junction, SEGS VIII-IX (160 MW) at Harper Lake, and SEGS I-II (44 MW) at Daggett respectively.[1]

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Plants' scale

The plants have a 354 MW installed capacity, making it the largest installation of solar plants of any kind in the world.[1] By comparison, the largest photovoltaic plant, which is in Spain, produces 23 MW, although a 62 MW PV installation (Moura photovoltaic power station) is under construction in Portugal[2] and a 154 MW PV Solar power station in Victoria, Australia, is planned.[3] The average gross solar output for all nine plants at SEGS is around 75 MWe. In addition, the turbines can be utilized at night by burning natural gas.

Land footprint

The facilities have a total of 936,384 mirrors and cover more than 1,600 acres (6.5 km2). Lined up, the parabolic mirrors would extend over 229 miles (369 km).

Fossil fuel equivalent

FPL claims that their solar plants displace 3,800 tons of pollution per year, they power 232,500 homes, and their energy displaces 815,000 barrels of oil annually.[4][5]

Principle of operation

Sketch of a Parabolic Trough Collector
Sketch of a Parabolic Trough Collector

The installation uses parabolic trough solar thermal technology along with natural gas to generate electricity. 90% of the electricity is produced by the sunlight. Natural gas is only used when the solar power is insufficient to meet the demand from Southern California Edison, the distributer of power in southern California.

Mirrors

The parabolic mirrors are shaped like a half-pipe. The sun shines onto the panels made of glass, which are 94% reflective, unlike a typical mirror, which is only 70% reflective. The mirrors automatically track the sun throughout the day. The greatest source of mirror breakage is wind, with 3000 typically replaced each year. Operators can turn the mirrors to protect them during intense wind storms. An automated washing mechanism is used to periodically clean the parabolic reflective panels.

Heat transfer

The sun bounces off the mirrors and is directed to a central tube filled with synthetic oil, which heats to over 400 °C (750 °F). The reflected light focused at the central tube is 71 to 80 times more intense than the ordinary sunlight. The synthetic oil transfers its heat to water, which boils and drives the Rankine cycle steam turbine,[6] thereby generating electricity. Synthetic oil is used to carry the heat (instead of water) to keep the pressure within manageable parameters.

Individual locations

The SEGS power plants were built by Luz Industries,[6] and commissioned between 1984 and 1991. Kramer Junction employs about 95 people and 45 people work at Harper Lake.

SEGS plant history and operational data
Plant Year
built		 Location Net turbine
capacity		 Field
area		 Oil
temperature		 Gross solar production
of electricity (MWh)
(MW) (m2) (°C) 1996 average 1998–2002
SEGS I 1984 Daggett 14 82,960 307 19,900 16,500
SEGS II 1985 Daggett 30 165,376 316 36,000 32,500
SEGS III 1986 Kramer Jct. 30 230,300 349 64,170 68,555
SEGS IV 1986 Kramer Jct. 30 230,300 349 61,970 68,278
SEGS V 1987 Kramer Jct. 30 233,120 349 71,439 72,879
SEGS VI 1988 Kramer Jct. 30 188,000 391 71,409 67,758
SEGS VII 1988 Kramer Jct. 30 194,280 391 70,138 65,048
SEGS VIII 1989 Harper Lake 80 464,340 391 139,174 137,990
SEGS IX 1990 Harper Lake 80 483,960 141,916 125,036
Sources: Solargenix Energy[7], KJC Operating Company[8], IEEE[9], NREL[10]

Harper Lake

SEGS VIII and SEGS IX, located at 35°01′54″N 117°20′53″W / 35.0316, -117.348, are the largest solar power plants individually and collectively in the world.[11] They were the last, the largest, and the most advanced of the nine plants at SEGS, designed to take advantage of the economies of scale. SEGS VIII and IX have operated continuously and have been commercially successful since the very beginning.[6]

Kramer Junction

This location (35°00′51″N 117°33′32″W / 35.0142, -117.559) receives an average of 340 days of sunshine per year, which makes it an ideal place for solar power generation. The average direct normal radiation (DNR) is 7.44 kWh/m2/day (310 W/m2),[8] one of the best in the nation.

Daggett

SEGS I and II are located at 34°51′47″N 116°49′37″W / 34.8631, -116.827.

Gallery

Close-up aerial view. Note that several of the mirrors have been broken

Close-up of the Kramer Junction mirrors.

Mr. Twister mirror washing machine.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b The Energy Blog: About Parabolic Trough Solar
  2. ^ "PORTUGAL: Making Up for Lost Time in Renewable Energy", Inter Press Service, 2006-10-02. Retrieved on 2008-02-26.
  3. ^ Australia advances with solar power The Times, 26 October 2006.
  4. ^ "Solar Electric Generating System". Retrieved on 2008-06-04.
  5. ^ "FPL Energy - Solar". Retrieved on 2008-06-04.
  6. ^ a b c "Solar thermal power generation". Solel Solar Systems Ltd. Retrieved on 2008-09-12.
  7. ^ Cohen, Gilbert (2006), "Nevada First Solar Electric Generating System" (PDF), IEEE May Technical Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada: Solargenix Energy, p. 10 
  8. ^ a b Frier, Scott (1999), "An overview of the Kramer Junction SEGS recent performance" (PDF), Parabolic Trough Workshop, Ontario, California: KJC Operating Company 
  9. ^ Kearney, D. (August, 1989). "Solar Electric Generating Stations (SEGS)". IEEE Power Engineering Review 9 (8): 4–8. IEEE. doi:10.1109/MPER.1989.4310850. Retrieved on 2008/09/10. 
  10. ^ Price, Hank (2002), "Parabolic trough technology overview" (PDF), Trough Technology - Algeria, NREL, p. 9 
  11. ^ Solar Trough Power Plants

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