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| Princess Augusta | |
|---|---|
| Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | |
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| Consort | 26 March 1780[1] – 10 November 1806 |
| Consort to | Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick |
| Issue | |
| Auguste Caroline Friederike Luise Karl Georg August Caroline Amalie Elisabeth Georg Wilhelm Christian August Friedrich Wilhelm Amelie Karoline Dorothea Luise |
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| Full name | |
| Augusta Frederica | |
| Titles and styles | |
| HRH The Duchess of Brunswick HRH The Hereditary Duchess of Brunswick HRH Princess Augusta[2] |
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| Royal house | House of Hanover |
| Father | Frederick, Prince of Wales |
| Mother | Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha |
| Born | 11 August 1737 St James's Palace, London |
| Baptised | 9 September 1737 St James's Palace, London |
| Died | 23 March 1813 (aged 75) Hanover Square, London |
| Burial | 31 March 1813 St George's Chapel, Windsor |
Princess Augusta (Augusta Frederica; 11 August 1737 – 23 March 1813) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of George II and sister of George III. She later married into the Ducal House of Brunswick, of which she was already a member. Her daughter Caroline of Brunswick was the Queen consort of George IV.
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Early life
Princess Augusta was born at St James's Palace, London. Her father was The Prince Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of George II and Caroline of Ansbach. Her mother was the Princess of Wales (formerly Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha). Twenty-nine days later, she was christened at St James's Palace, by The Archbishop of Canterbury, John Potter, and her godparents were her paternal grandfather The King (represented by his Lord Chamberlain, The Duke of Grafton) and both her grandmothers, The Queen and The Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Gotha (both of whom were represented by a proxies).[3] She was born second in the line of succession.
Marriage
On 16 January 1764, Augusta married Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick at the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace.
Later life
In 1806, when Prussia declared war on France, the Duke of Brunswick, 71 at the time, was appointed commander-in-chief of the Prussian army. On 14 October of that year, at the Battle of Jena, Napoleon defeated the Prussian army, and, on the same day, at the battle of Auerstadt, the Duke of Brunswick was seriously wounded, dying a few days later. The Duchess of Brunswick, with two of her sons, and a widowed daughter-in-law, fled her ruined palace for Altona, and then fled to Augustenborg, a small town east of Jutland.
The Duchess of Brunswick remained here, residing with her niece, Princess Louise Augusta, daughter of her sister Queen Caroline Mathilde of Denmark, until her brother, George III finally relented, in September 1807, and allowed her to move to London. She moved to Montague House, Blackheath, in Greenwich, with her daughter, the Princess of Wales, but soon fell out with her daughter, and purchased the house next door, Brunswick House, as she renamed it. The Duchess of Brunswick lived out her days in Blackheath and died, in 1813, aged 75.
Titles, styles, honour and arms
Titles and styles
- 31 July 1737 – 16 January 1764: Her Royal Highness Princess Augusta of Wales
- 16 January 1764 – 26 March 1780: Her Royal Highness The Hereditary Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
- 26 March 1780 – 10 November 1806: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
- 10 November 1806 – 23 March 1813: Her Royal Highness The Dowager Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Arms
Augusta was granted use of the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of five points, the centre bearing a cross gules, the other points each bearing a rose gules.[4]
Ancestors
Issue
Together the couple had 7 children:
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Auguste Caroline Friederike Luise | December 3, 1764 | September 27, 1788 | married 1780, Friedrich III, Duke of Württemberg; had issue |
| Karl Georg August | February 8, 1766 | September 20, 1806 | married 1790, Frederika Luise Wilhelmine, Princess of Orange-Nassau; issue? |
| Caroline Amalie Elisabeth | May 17, 1768 | August 7, 1821 | married 1795, George IV of the United Kingdom; had issue |
| Georg Wilhelm Christian | June 27, 1769 | September 16, 1811 | Declared an invalid; Excluded from line of succession |
| August | August 18, 1770 | December 18, 1822 | Declared an invalid; Excluded from line of succession |
| Friedrich Wilhelm | October 9, 1771 | June 16, 1815 | married 1802, Maria Elisabeth Wilhelmine, Princess of Baden; had issue |
| Amelie Karoline Dorothea Luise, Princess of Brunswick-Luneburg | November 22, 1772 | April 2, 1773 |
Sources
- Beckett, William A.: Universal Biography. London: Isaac, 1836.
- Kwan, Elisabeth E.; Röhrig, Anna E.: Frauen vom Hof der Welfen. Göttingen: MatrixMedia 2006, ISBN 3-932313-17-8, p. 115−126.
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References
- ^ The Peerage – Charles I, Duke of Brunswick
- ^ The London Gazette, 17 January 1764
- ^ Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Royal Christenings
- ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family
