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Prime Minister of Portugal
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Prime_Minister_of_Portugal".
In Portugal, the post of Prime Minister (Portuguese: primeiro-ministro, pron. IPA: [pɾi'mɐiɾu mɨ'niʃtɾu] or mi'niʃtɾu) is the head of the country's Government. He coordinates the actions of all ministers, represents the Government as a whole, reports his actions and is controlled by the Assembly of the Republic, and keeps the President of the Republic informed.
There is no limit to the number of mandates as Prime Minister. He is appointed by the President of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party most voted in the elections to be named Prime Minister.
Before the Carnation Revolution of 1974 the competences of the Prime Minister were different. Since the 1820 Liberal Revolution of Porto, liberalism and parliamentarism were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the Secretary of State of Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of the Kingdom) occupying a prominent position. Occasionally there was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch, a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, post of President of the Council of Ministers was created. The Presidents of the Council were clearly the heads of government of the kingdom holding the executive power that absolutistic monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of a National Congress.
With the advent of the Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution, the Prime Minister was renamed President of the Ministry. During this period the heads of government were under the strong power of the parliament and oftenly fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability. With the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and eventually, after the formation of the Estado Novo quasi-fascist dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, the Prime Minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in the country. First Salazar and then Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years. With the Carnation Revolution came the Prime Minister, which replaced the President of the Council.
Numbering
The numbering of the Prime Ministers starts with the first President of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. A second column is added after the establishment of the Republic, numbering the Prime Ministers from there to the present day. Another column is added for the numbering inside the three regimes: First Republic, the Second Republic and Third Republic, with a fourth column in the Second Republic to mark the numbering of Prime Ministers since the 1926 revolution that established the National Dictatorship and since the replacement of the National Dictatorship with the Salazarist Estado Novo. In the Third Republic, a fourth column is also used to distinguish the prime ministers of the provisional governments that existed during the period immediately following the Carnation Revolution of 1974 from the prime ministers that assumed office after the entry into force of Portugal's current democratic Constitution adopted 1976. The numbering of the Constitutional Governments since the first elections held under the 1976 Constitution is used in Portugal as the official numbering of succeeding Cabinets.
Constitutional Monarchy
No party Chartist/Chamorro Chamorro Septemberist Chartist Regenerator Historic Reformist Regenerator/Historic Progressist Liberal Regenerator
| # |
|
Took office |
Left office |
Party |
| Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834-1910) |
|
1
|
 |
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela |
September 24, 1834 |
May 4, 1835 |
Chartist/"Chamorro" |
|
2
|
 |
Vitório Maria Francisco de Sousa Coutinho Teixeira de Andrade Barbosa, Count of Linhares |
May 4, 1835 |
May 27, 1835 |
"Chamorro" |
|
3
|
 |
João Carlos Gregório Domingos Vicente Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Marquess of Saldanha |
May 27, 1835 |
November 18, 1835 |
Independent |
|
4
|
 |
José Jorge Loureiro |
November 18, 1835 |
April 20, 1836 |
Independent |
|
5
|
 |
António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquess of Vila Flor |
April 20, 1836 |
September 10, 1836 |
"Chamorro" |
|
6
|
 |
José Manuel da Cunha Faro Menezes Portugal Gama Carneiro e Sousa, Count of Lumiares |
September 10, 1836 |
November 4, 1836 |
Septemberist |
|
7
|
 |
José Bernardino de Portugal e Castro, Marquess of Valença and Count of Vimioso |
November 4, 1836 |
November 5, 1836 |
Independent |
|
8
|
 |
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira |
November 5, 1836 |
June 1, 1837 |
Septemberist |
|
9
|
 |
António Dias de Oliveira |
June 1, 1837 |
August 2, 1837 |
Septemberist |
|
10
|
|
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Viscount of Sá da Bandeira |
August 2, 1837 |
April 18, 1839 |
Septemberist |
|
11
|
 |
Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro de Almeida Carvalhais, Baron of Ribeira de Sabrosa |
April 18, 1839 |
November 26, 1839 |
Septemberist |
|
12
|
 |
José Lúcio Travassos Valdez, Count of Bonfim |
November 26, 1839 |
June 9, 1841 |
Septemberist |
|
13
|
 |
Joaquim António de Aguiar |
June 9, 1841 |
February 7, 1842 |
Septemberist |
|
14
|
|
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela |
February 7, 1842 |
February 9, 1842 |
Independent |
|
15
|
|
António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira |
February 9, 1842 |
May 20, 1846 |
Chartist |
|
16
|
|
Pedro de Sousa Holstein, Marquess of Palmela |
May 20, 1846 |
October 6, 1846 |
Chartist |
|
17
|
|
João Carlos Gregório Domingos Vicente Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Marquess and Duke of Saldanha |
October 6, 1846 |
June 18, 1849 |
Chartist |
|
18
|
 |
António Bernardo da Costa Cabral, Count of Tomar |
June 18, 1849 |
April 26, 1851 |
Chartist |
|
19
|
|
António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquess of Vila Flor |
April 26, 1851 |
May 1, 1851 |
Regenerator |
|
20
|
|
João Carlos Gregório Domingos Vicente Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha |
May 1, 1851 |
June 6, 1856 |
Regenerator |
|
21
|
 |
Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Marquess of Loulé |
June 6, 1856 |
March 16, 1859 |
Historic |
|
22
|
|
António José de Sousa Manoel de Menezes Severim de Noronha, Duke of Terceira and Marquess of Vila Flor |
March 16, 1859 |
May 1, 1860 |
Regenerator |
|
23
|
|
Joaquim António de Aguiar |
May 1, 1860 |
July 4, 1860 |
Regenerator |
|
24
|
|
Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé |
July 4, 1860 |
April 17, 1865 |
Historic |
|
25
|
|
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquess of Sá da Bandeira |
April 17, 1865 |
September 4, 1865 |
Reformist |
|
26
|
|
Joaquim António de Aguiar |
September 4, 1865 |
January 4, 1868 |
Regenerator (together with the Historic Party) |
|
27
|
 |
António José de Ávila, Count of Ávila |
January 4, 1868 |
July 22, 1868 |
Independent |
|
28
|
|
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquess of Sá da Bandeira |
July 22, 1868 |
August 11, 1869 |
Reformist |
|
29
|
|
Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé |
August 11, 1869 |
May 19, 1870 |
Historic |
|
30
|
|
João Carlos Gregório Domingos Vicente Francisco de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun, Duke of Saldanha |
May 19, 1870 |
August 29, 1870 |
Regenerator |
|
31
|
|
Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, Marquess of Sá da Bandeira |
August 29, 1870 |
October 29, 1870 |
Reformist |
|
32
|
|
António José de Ávila, Marquess of Ávila |
October 29, 1870 |
September 13, 1871 |
Reformist |
|
33
|
 |
António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo |
September 13, 1871 |
March 6, 1877 |
Regenerator |
|
34
|
|
António José de Ávila, Marquess of Ávila |
March 6, 1877 |
January 26, 1878 |
Reformist |
|
35
|
|
António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo |
January 26, 1878 |
May 29, 1879 |
Regenerator |
|
36
|
|
Anselmo José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco |
May 29, 1879 |
March 23, 1881 |
Progressist |
|
37
|
 |
António Rodrigues Sampaio |
March 23, 1881 |
November 14, 1881 |
Regenerator |
|
38
|
|
António Maria de Fontes Pereira de Melo |
November 14, 1881 |
February 16, 1886 |
Regenerator |
|
39
|
 |
José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real |
February 16, 1886 |
January 14, 1890 |
Progressist |
|
40
|
 |
António de Serpa Pimentel |
January 14, 1890 |
October 11, 1890 |
Regenerator |
|
41
|
 |
João Crisóstomo de Abreu e Sousa |
October 11, 1890 |
January 18, 1892 |
Independent |
|
42
|
 |
José Dias Ferreira |
January 18, 1892 |
February 22, 1893 |
Independent |
|
43
|
 |
Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro |
February 22, 1893 |
February 5, 1897 |
Regenerator |
|
44
|
|
José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real |
February 5, 1897 |
July 26, 1900 |
Progressist |
|
45
|
|
Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro |
July 26, 1900 |
October 20, 1904 |
Regenerator |
|
46
|
|
José Luciano de Castro Pereira Côrte-Real |
October 20, 1904 |
March 19, 1906 |
Progressist |
|
47
|
|
Ernesto Rudolfo Hintze Ribeiro |
March 19, 1906 |
May 19, 1906 |
Regenerator |
|
48
|
 |
João Ferreira Franco Pinto Castelo-Branco |
May 19, 1906 |
February 4, 1908 |
Liberal Regenerator |
|
49
|
 |
Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral |
February 4, 1908 |
December 26, 1908 |
Independent |
|
50
|
 |
Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques |
December 26, 1908 |
April 11, 1909 |
Independent
(Regenerator and Progessist) |
|
51
|
 |
Sebastião Custódio de Sousa Teles |
April 11, 1909 |
May 14, 1909 |
Independent |
|
52
|
|
Wenceslau de Sousa Pereira de Lima |
May 14, 1909 |
December 22, 1909 |
Independent |
|
53
|
 |
Francisco António da Veiga Beirão |
December 22, 1909 |
June 26, 1910 |
Regenerator |
|
54
|
 |
António Teixeira de Sousa |
June 26, 1910 |
October 5, 1910 |
Regenerator |
First Republic
No party Republican Democratic Sacred Union National Republican/Sidonist Liberal Republican National Reconstitution Republican Nationalist Republican Democratic Leftwing Republican
| # |
President of the Ministry |
Took office |
Left office |
Party |
| First Republic (1910-1926) |
|
55
|
1
|
|
Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga |
October 5, 1910 |
August 24, 1911 |
Republican |
|
56
|
2
|
 |
João Pinheiro Chagas |
September 4, 1911 |
November 13, 1911 |
Republican |
|
57
|
3
|
 |
Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia |
November 13, 1911 |
June 16, 1912 |
Republican |
|
58
|
4
|
 |
Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva |
June 16, 1912 |
January 9, 1913 |
Republican |
|
59
|
5
|
 |
Afonso Augusto da Costa |
January 9, 1913 |
February 9, 1914 |
Democratic |
|
60
|
6
|
 |
Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães |
February 9, 1914 |
December 12, 1914 |
Democratic |
|
61
|
7
|
 |
"Vítor Hugo" de Azevedo Coutinho |
December 12, 1914 |
January 28, 1915 |
Democratic |
|
62
|
8
|
 |
Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro |
January 28, 1915 |
May 14, 1915 |
Independent |
|
-
|
|
Constitutional Junta composed of:
José Norton de Matos
António Maria da Silva
José de Freitas Ribeiro
Alfredo de Sá Cardoso
Álvaro de Castro |
May 14, 1915 |
May 15, 1915 |
Independent |
|
-
|
|
João Pinheiro Chagas
(did not take office) |
May 15, 1915 |
May 17, 1915 |
Independent |
|
63
|
9
|
|
José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro |
May 17, 1915 |
November 29, 1915 |
Democratic |
|
64
|
10
|
|
Afonso Augusto da Costa |
November 29, 1915 |
March 16, 1916 |
Democratic |
|
65
|
11
|
 |
António José de Almeida |
March 16, 1916 |
April 25, 1917 |
Sacred Union
(Evolutionist Republican
together with the Democrats) |
|
66
|
12
|
|
Afonso Augusto da Costa |
April 25, 1917 |
October 7, 1917 |
Democratic |
|
-
|
-
|
|
José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos
(interim) |
October 7, 1917 |
October 25, 1917 |
Democratic |
|
-
|
-
|
|
Afonso Augusto da Costa |
October 25, 1917 |
November 17, 1917 |
Democratic |
|
-
|
-
|
|
José Maria Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos
(interim) |
November 17, 1917 |
December 8, 1917 |
Democratic |
|
67
|
13
|
 |
Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais |
December 8, 1917 |
December 14, 1918 |
National Republican |
|
68
|
14
|
 |
João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes Júnior |
December 14, 1918 |
December 23, 1918 |
National Republican |
|
69
|
15
|
 |
João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa |
December 23, 1918 |
January 27, 1919 |
National Republican |
|
70
|
16
|
 |
José Maria Mascarenhas Relvas |
January 27, 1919 |
March 30, 1919 |
Independent |
|
71
|
17
|
|
Domingos Leite Pereira |
March 30, 1919 |
June 30, 1919 |
Independent |
|
72
|
18
|
 |
Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso |
June 30, 1919 |
January 15, 1920 |
Democratic |
|
-
|
 |
Francisco José Fernandes Costa
(did not take office) |
January 15, 1920
|
Liberal Republican |
|
-
|
|
Alfredo Ernesto de Sá Cardoso
(reconducted) |
January 15, 1920 |
January 21, 1920 |
Democratic |
|
73
|
19
|
|
Domingos Leite Pereira |
January 21, 1920 |
March 8, 1920 |
Independent |
|
74
|
20
|
 |
António Maria Baptista |
March 8, 1920 |
June 6, 1920 |
Democratic |
|
75
|
21
|
|
José Ramos Preto |
June 6, 1920 |
June 26, 1920 |
Democratic |
|
76
|
22
|
 |
António Maria da Silva |
June 26, 1920 |
July 19, 1920 |
Democratic
(together with the Socialists
and Populars) |
|
77
|
23
|
 |
António Joaquim Granjo |
July 19, 1920 |
November 20, 1920 |
Liberal Republican
(together with the National
Reconstitution Republicans) |
|
78
|
24
|
Image:Alvaro Xavier de Castro.jpg |
Álvaro Xavier de Castro |
November 20, 1920 |
November 30, 1920 |
National Reconstitution Republican
(together with the Democratics
and Populars) |
|
79
|
25
|
 |
Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto |
November 30, 1920 |
March 2, 1921 |
Democratic
(together with National
Reconstitution Republicans
and Populars) |
|
80
|
26
|
|
Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães |
March 2, 1921 |
May 23, 1921 |
Democratic
(together with National
Reconstitution Republicans
and Populars) |
|
81
|
27
|
 |
Tomé José de Barros Queirós |
May 23, 1921 |
August 30, 1921 |
Liberal Republican |
|
82
|
28
|
|
António Joaquim Granjo |
August 30, 1921 |
October 19, 1921 |
Liberal Republican |
|
83
|
29
|
 |
António Manuel Maria Coelho |
October 19, 1921 |
November 5, 1921 |
Independent |
|
84
|
30
|
|
Carlos Henrique da Silva Maia Pinto |
November 5, 1921 |
December 16, 1921 |
Independent |
|
85
|
31
|
 |
Francisco Pinto da Cunha Leal |
December 16, 1921 |
February 7, 1922 |
Independent |
|
86
|
32
|
|
António Maria da Silva |
February 7, 1922 |
November 15, 1923 |
Democratic |
|
87
|
33
|
|
António Ginestal Machado |
November 15, 1923 |
December 18, 1923 |
Nationalist Republican |
|
88
|
34
|
Image:Alvaro Xavier de Castro.jpg |
Álvaro Xavier de Castro |
December 18, 1923 |
July 7, 1924 |
Nationalist Republican
(together with the Democratics) |
|
89
|
35
|
 |
Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar |
July 7, 1924 |
November 22, 1924 |
Democratic |
|
90
|
36
|
|
José Domingues dos Santos |
November 22, 1924 |
February 15, 1925 |
Democratic Leftwing
Republican |
|
91
|
37
|
 |
Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães |
February 15, 1925 |
July 1, 1925 |
Democratic |
|
92
|
38
|
|
António Maria da Silva |
July 1, 1925 |
August 1, 1925 |
Democratic |
|
93
|
39
|
|
Domingos Leite Pereira |
August 1, 1925 |
December 18, 1925 |
Democratic |
|
94
|
40
|
|
António Maria da Silva |
December 18, 1925 |
May 30, 1926 |
Democratic |
Second Republic (National Dictatorship and Estado Novo)
No party National Union/People's National Action
| # |
President of the Council of Ministers |
Took office |
Left office |
Party |
| Ditadura Nacional – Military Dictatorship (1926-1932) |
|
95
|
41
|
1
|
1
|
 |
José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior |
May 30, 1926 |
June 19, 1926 |
None |
|
96
|
42
|
2
|
2
|
 |
Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa |
June 19, 1926 |
July 9, 1926 |
None |
|
97
|
43
|
3
|
3
|
|
António Óscar Fragoso Carmona |
July 9, 1926 |
April 18, 1928 |
None |
|
98
|
44
|
4
|
4
|
 |
José Vicente de Freitas |
April 18, 1928 |
July 8, 1929 |
None |
|
99
|
45
|
5
|
5
|
 |
Artur Ivens Ferraz |
July 8, 1929 |
January 21, 1930 |
None |
|
100
|
46
|
6
|
6
|
 |
| |
