The I. I. Mechnikov Odessa National University (Ukrainian: Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, Russian: Одесский национальный университет имени И.И. Мечникова), located in Odessa, Ukraine, is one of the country's major universities. It was founded in 1865, by an edict of Czar Alexander II of Russia, reorganizing the Richelieu Lyceum of Odessa into the new Imperial Novorossiya University. In the Soviet period, the University had the name I. I. Mechnikov Odessa State University.