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| Noric | ||
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| Spoken in: | Austria, Slovenia | |
| Language extinction: | unknown; later than the 2nd century AD | |
| Language family: | Indo-European Celtic Continental Celtic Noric |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | – | |
| ISO 639-3: | nrc
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The Noric language or Eastern Celtic language was a Continental Celtic language. It is attested in only two fragmentary inscriptions from the Roman province of Noricum (one in Grafenstein, Austria, the other in Ptuj, Slovenia), which do not provide enough information for any conclusions about the nature of the language to be drawn. However, the language was probably similar to the other Celtic languages near to it, such as Gaulish. It is not known when it became extinct, because of the scanty evidence.
Ptuj inscription
The Ptuj inscription, discovered in 1894, is written right to left in a northern Italic alphabet1 and reads:
ARTEBUDZBROGDUI
which is interpreted as two personal names: Artebudz [son of] Brogduos.2 The name Artebudz may mean "bear penis",3 while Brogduos may contain the element brog-, mrog- "country".4 Alternatively, the inscription may be interpreted as Artebudz [made this for] Brogdos, with the second name in the dative case.5
Grafenstein inscription
The Grafenstein inscription, on a tile from the 2nd century AD that was discovered in a gravel pit in 1977, is incomplete, but the extant part has been transcribed as follows:1
MOGE · ES[
P· II- LAV · EX[
ṆE · SAḌỊÍES[
OLLO · SO · VILO[
ỌNẠ C[…]
OLLO · SO · ? [
P LṾGNṾ · SI
Here, Moge seems to be a personal name or an abbreviation of one, P· II- lav a Latin abbreviation indicating a weight, ne sadiíes a verbal form possibly meaning "you (singular) do not set", ollo so perhaps "this amount", and Lugnu another personal name. The text may therefore be a record of some sort of financial transaction.1
Other readings of the inscription have also been proposed, including:
MOGE · ES+[---] PET(?) LAV · EX[---] NE · SAMES[---] OLLO · SO · VILO ·[---] ONA O(?) + ++ OLLO · SO ·+ + LVGNI · SI6
and
MOGV · CISS [--- PETILAV · IEX[--- NE · SADIIES[--- OLLO · SO · VILO ·[--- ONA DOM...OC[ OLLO · SO · VIA .[ ILVGNV.SI7
References
- ^ a b c David Stifter, 2007-10-12, Keltisch in Österreich (Powerpoint document), (PDF of lecture). Retrieved 2008-01-09.
- ^ Encyclopédie de l'arbre celtique, Vase de Ptuj. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
- ^ Il Vocabulario Celtico, p. 87, p. 89. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
- ^ A. Falileyev, Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-Names. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
- ^ Indogermanistik Wien, University of Vienna, Quellentexte: Ptuj. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
- ^ Indogermanistik Wien, University of Vienna, Quellentexte: Grafenstein. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
- ^ Encyclopédie de l'arbre celtique, Tuile de Grafenstein. Retrieved 2008-01-09.
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