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| Mouflon | ||||||||||||||||
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 Mouflon
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| Ovis orientalis Gmelin, 1774 |
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Ovis musimon, Ovis gmelini |
The Mouflon (Ovis orientalis orientalis[1] group) is a subpecies group of the wild sheep Ovis orientalis. Populations of Ovis orientails can be partitioned into the Mouflons (orientalis group) and Urials or Arkars (vignei group)[2].
The mouflon is thought to be one of the two ancestors for all modern domestic sheep breeds.[3][4] It is red-brown with a dark back-stripe, light colored saddle patch and underparts. The males are horned and the females are horned or polled. Mouflon have a shoulder height of about 90 Centimeter and a body weight of 50 kg (males) and 35 kg (females).
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Range
Today mouflon occur in the Caucasus, in northern Iraq, and in northwestern Iran. Originally the range stretched further to Anatolia, the Krim-peninsula and the Balkan, where they had already disappeared 3.000 years ago. Mouflon were introduced onto the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, Rhodes, and Cyprus,during the neolithic period, perhaps as feral domesticated animals, where they have naturalized in the mountainous interiors of these islands over the past few thousand years, giving rise to the species known as European mouflon (O. orientalis musimon). They are now rare on the islands and classified as vulnerable by the IUCN.[5] They were successfully introduced to Lanai and Hawaii (the Big Island) in the 1960s and into central Europe, including Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, and even some northern European countries such as Finland. Since the 1980s, mouflon have been successfully introduced into game ranches in North America for the purpose of hunting; however in game ranches pure breeds are rare,citation needed as mouflon interbreed with other species introduced for the same purpose, such as Barbado(s) Sheep, Corsican sheep, Painted Desert Sheep, Texas Dall Sheep or Four Horned Sheep (Jacob's Sheep).
Subspecies
The scientific classification of the Mouflon is disputed,[6]. Five subspecies of Mouflon are distinguished by MSW3[7]:
- European Mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon (Pallas, 1811)): About 7.000 years ago the European Mouflon appeared in Corsica and Sardinia for the first time. It has been introduced in many parts of Europe.
- Cyprian Mouflon (Ovis orientalis ophion Blyth, 1841): Cyprian Mouflon was nearly extirpated during the 20th century. In 1997 about 1.200 of this subspecies were counted.
- Armenian Mouflon (Ovis orientalis orientalis Gmelin, 1774): Caucasus, northwestern Iran and southern Anatolia. Scientific nomenclature unclear, sometimes also called gmelini.
- Esfahan Mouflon (Ovis orientalis isphahanica Nasonov, 1910): Zagros Mountains, Iran.
- Laristan Mouflon (Ovis orientalis laristanica Nasonov, 1909): Small subspecies. Range is restricted to some desert reserves near Lar in southern Iran.
- Domestic Sheep (Ovis orientalis aries Linnaeus, 1758).
A mouflon was cloned successfully in early 2001 and lived at least seven months, making it the first clone of an endangered mammal to survive beyond infancy.[8][9] This demonstrates that a common species (in this case, a domestic sheep) can successfully provide a surrogate for the birth of an exotic animal like the mouflon. If cloning of the mouflon can proceed successfully, it has the potential to expand the species' gene pool and reduce strain on the number of living specimens.
Trivia
The Mouflon is featured on the symbol of Cyprus Airways, as well as on the 1, 2, and 5 cent Cypriot euro coins. [1]
Journalist Gregg Easterbrook often refers to the St. Louis Rams as "Les Mouflons" in his "Tuesday Morning Quarterback" columns during the NFL season, because the animal's curved horns are often mistakenly used as a depiction of ram hornscitation needed.
See also
References
- V. G. Heptner: Mammals of the Sowjetunion Vol. I Ungulates. Leiden, New York, 1989 ISBN 9004088741
- ^ ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) opinion 2027
- ^ Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd Edition; Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2005. ISBN=0-8018-8221-4
- ^ Hiendleder S, Kaupe B, Wassmuth R, Janke A. (May 7 2002). "Molecular analysis of wild and domestic sheep questions current nomenclature and provides evidence for domestication from two different subspecies.". Proceedings. Biological sciences, The Royal Society of London. Retrieved on August 2, 2006.
- ^ Hiendleder S, Mainz K, Plante Y, Lewalski H. (March 1998). "Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Indicates that Domestic Sheep Are Derived from Two Different Ancestral Maternal Sources: No Evidence for Contributions from Urial and Argali Sheep". Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig University. Retrieved on April 10, 2007.
- ^ International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (April 2007). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN. Retrieved on April 10 accessyear=2007.
- ^ Tonda, J. (2002). ""Ovis ammon"". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved on November 19, 2005.
- ^ Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd Edition; Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2005. ISBN=0-8018-8221-4
- ^ Trivedi, Bijal P. (2001). "Scientists Clone First Endangered Species: a Wild Sheep". National Geographic Today. Retrieved on February 21, 2006.
- ^ Winstead E (October 12 2001). "Endangered wild sheep clone reported to be healthy". Genome News Network. Retrieved on April 10, 2007.
