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| Military of Georgia |
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|---|---|
 Main Military flag of Georgia |
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| Current form | 1991 |
| Leadership | |
| President | Mikheil Saakashvili |
| Defence Minister | Davit Kezerashvili |
| Military age | 18-35 years old |
| Conscription | 18 years of age, 18 months |
| Available for military service |
1,038,736, age 18-49 (2007 est.) |
| Fit for military service |
827,281, age 18-49 (2007 est.) |
| Reaching military age annually |
38,857 (2007 est.) |
| Active personnel | 37,000 |
| Reserve personnel | 100,000 |
| Expenditures | |
| Budget | $930 million (2008)[1] |
| Percent of GDP | 4.65% (2008) |
| Related articles | |
| Ranks | Georgian military ranks |
The Georgian Armed Forces (Georgian: საქართველოს შეიარაღებული ძალები, sak'art'velos sheiaraghebuli dzalebi) are the military of the nation of Georgia. The mission and functions of the Georgian Armed Forces (GAF) are based on the Constitution of Georgia, Georgia’s Law on Defense and National Military Strategy, and international agreements to which Georgia is signatory. They are performed under the guidance and authority of the Ministry of Defense. The current authorized strength of the GAF structures is 28,666 personnel.[2] The current Defence Minister is Davit Kezerashvili, and Chief of Joint Staff is Colonel Zaza Gogava.
Contents |
History
The GAF were established in the early 1990s from former Soviet Army units on Georgian soil, irregular militias, and Georgian personnel returning from other posts within the former Soviet Armed Forces.
On March 23, 1994, Georgia was one of the first former Soviet Republics to join the Partnership for Peace. Among the Partners Georgia was the first country who could submit the special documentation (May 2004) and on 29 October 2004 the North Atlantic Council approved the first Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) for Georgia. If the IPAP is successful, Georgia will have good opportunity to accede to the Membership Action Plan (MAP).
The Georgia Train and Equip Program (GTEP) training was conducted using U.S. Special Operations Forces and U. S. Marine Corps forces from May 2002 to May 2004. During this time approximately 2,600 Georgian soldiers, including a headquarters staff element and 5 tactical units, received training. Another assistance program, the Georgia Security and Stability Operations Program (Georgia SSOP), was launched in January 2005 as a continuation of the (GTEP) of 2002-2004. Georgian contingents were involved in the Kosovo Force and continue to participate in the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The GAF have been extensively reformed in the recent years to meet Georgia’s aspirations to join NATO and for better response to the existing challenges such as the ongoing tensions in the unresolved separatist conflict areas in Abkhazia and South Ossetia as well as to the threats of global terrorism. Georgia also views a large-scale foreign invasion and the spillover of conflicts from Russia’s North Caucasus as the worst potential near- and long-term scenarios, respectively.[3]
Structure and subdivisions
(click to enlarge)
The GAF consists of:
- Georgian Land Forces
- Georgian Air Force
- Georgian Navy
- Georgian Special Forces
- Georgian National Guard
The current authorized strength of the GAF structures is 32,650 personnel, including 18,993 in the Land Forces, 2,091 in the Air Force, 1350 in the Navy, 9,196 in administration staff and central structures. The Georgian Parliament aims to increase the strength of the ground forces. At the end of 2010 the GAF will consist of 75.000 men;forming 5th and 6th brigades. Reserves will be total 120.000 men.
The Land Forces form the largest component of the GAF responsible for providing land defense against any threat to the nation’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, supporting Border Police in border protection and civil authorities in counter-terrorist operations as well as providing units for NATO-led and coalition operations abroad. They are organized into infantry brigades, artillery and other supporting capacities operating at a battalion level.[4]
The Air Force consists of aviation and air defense assets and provides security to Georgia’s airspace, while the Georgian Navy protects Georgia’s territorial waters and contributes to the collective maritime defense in the Black Sea region. The Special Force Brigade is responsible for conducting reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counter-terrorism operations. The Georgian National Guard organizes trains reservists in the peacetime and mobilizes them during a crisis or wartime.[4]
Land Forces
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Currently the Land Forces of Georgia consists of the following units: five specialised Infantry Brigades, an Artillery Brigade, a Separate Tank Battalion, Separate Light Infantry Battalion, Separate Air Defense Battalion, Separate Engineer Battalion Separate Signals Battalion and other units.
The strength of Land Forces comprise 16,570 personnel of which 1,579 are officers, 11,583 are sergeants/corporals (contracting) and 3,391 are conscripts, in addition there are 16 are civilians.[5] Many of the present Georgian military units and formations were formed from former Soviet Army formations of the Transcaucasus Military District, which became the Russian Transcaucasus Group of Forces in the early 1990s.
Georgian ground forces that contain outdated military weaponry and technologies from the former Soviet Union are budgeted to be fully replaced by new and improved US, Israeli and German systems in the 2008 - 2010 time frame. The equipment removed from front line service would then be made available for the reserve army.
The modernization program consists of several phases. Step one is procurement and integration of light infantry weaponry, specifically new M4 assault rifles [6] . These will be distributed to all 5 special forces brigades. Next is the upgrading of TAM manufactured SU-25 ground attack aircraft of the air force with advanced avionics provided via a partnership with Israel. The final, currently scheduled step will be the upgrading of fire control systems for all Main Battle Tanks, followed by the replacement of outdated armored vehicles and tanks with more modern western equipment.
MBT
AIFV / APC
Artillery
Towed
- 2A36 Giatsint-B-3
- 2A65 Msta-B-11
- 2A18 (D-30)-90
Self-Propelled
- 2S7 Pion - 6
- 2S19 Msta-S - 1
- 2S3 Akatsiya - 13
- VZ 77 Dana - 26
Multiple Launch Rocket Systems
- M-87 Orkan - 4
- RM-70 - 6
- BM-21 Grad - 16
- LAR-160- 4
- M-63 Plamen – 12
Mortars
Georgian Air Forces consists of Aviation and Air Defense.
- 10 Su-25KM
- 2 Su-25UB
- 6 L-39
- 9 L-29
- 1 Mi-35 "Hind"
- 3 Mi-24-P "Hind"
- 4 Mi-24-V "Hind"
- 2 Mil Mi-14
- 16 Mi-8 "Hip"
- 6 Bell-212
- 6 UH-1H
- 1 Mil Mi-2
Anti Air Defence
Georgian Navy
The mission of the Georgian Navy is to protect the sovereignty of Georgia within Georgian territorial waters on the Black Sea coastline, and to implement tasks by inter-operating with the other services. Georgia is a part of the Black Sea Naval Co-operation Task Group with Russia and other littoral states.
During peacetime the Navy operates in a regular mode and is multi-functional. It supports civil structures, controls territorial waters, preserves a high level of combat training and readiness and conducts training and exercises.
The strength of the Navy is 1780, of which 590 are officers, 900 are NCOs, 200 are conscripts, and 90 are civilians.
- La Combattante II
- armed with 2 OTO-Melara 76 mm/L62 guns, modified anti-aircraft guns, and Exocet missiles
- - 7 in use, bought from the French Navy.
- P 269 Lindos
- armed with 2 C802 anti-ship missile batteries and AK-630M defensive guns
- - 11 in use, another 2 ordered from Ukraine.
National Guard of Georgia
Georgian National Guard was established on December 20, 1990 and was manned by volunteers. It represents the first Georgian armed formation, which became the base of the foundation for modern Georgian Armed Forces. The Guard actively participated in the conflicts existed on the Georgian territory (Samachablo, Abkhazia).
The National Guard consists of 20 554 personnel; the main missions of National Guard are:
- Support civil government in crisis situations (natural, technological, ecological);
- Register mobilization recourses, study and deliver;
- Convene, select and man of citizens on the basis of the agreement, for the units, subunits and bases of the Armed Forces;
- Provide ceremony activities.
Participation of Georgia in international peacekeeping missions
Georgian Armed Forces have been participating in peacekeeping missions (the Balkans, Persian Gulf) since 1999.
Units participating in peacekeeping missions are manned by professional soldiers, the duration of the mission is six months and participation is voluntary. The readiness assessment criteria are, as follows: health condition, physical fitness, professional skills and experience.
About 200 Georgian troops were deployed in the Kosovo (KFOR) in 1999-2008, 70 were deployed in Iraq (OIF) in 2003 and 50 in Afghanistan in 2004 (ISAF). From 2004 in Iraq were 300 Georgian troops. From 2005 approximately 850 troops were serving under Coalition Command (OIF and UNAMI). On July 2007 Georgia sent an extra 1,400 troops to Iraq; that brought the total number of troops in Iraq to 2,000 (Inf. Bde). Their preparedness and training skills are evaluated on high level by international experts.
Hence, owing to participation in international peacekeeping missions the military members are able to obtain practical experience and to show readiness to cooperate with NATO and with other partner countries' forces.
History
The GAF were established in the early 1990s from former Soviet Army units on Georgian soil, irregular militias, and Georgian personnel returning from other posts within the former Soviet Armed Forces.
On March 23, 1994, Georgia was one of the first former Soviet Republics to join the Partnership for Peace. Among the Partners Georgia was the first country who could submit the special documentation (May 2004) and on 29 October 2004 the North Atlantic Council approved the first Individual Partnership Action Plan (IPAP) for Georgia. If the IPAP is successful, Georgia will have good opportunity to accede to the Membership Action Plan (MAP).
The Georgia Train and Equip Program (GTEP) training was conducted using U.S. Special Operations Forces and U. S. Marine Corps forces from May 2002 to May 2004. During this time approximately 2,600 Georgian soldiers, including a headquarters staff element and 5 tactical units, received training. Another assistance program, the Georgia Security and Stability Operations Program (Georgia SSOP), was launched in January 2005 as a continuation of the (GTEP) of 2002-2004. Georgian contingents were involved in the Kosovo Force and continue to participate in the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The GAF have been extensively reformed in the recent years to meet Georgia’s aspirations to join NATO and for better response to the existing challenges such as the ongoing tensions in the unresolved separatist conflict areas in Abkhazia and South Ossetia as well as to the threats of global terrorism. Georgia also views a large-scale foreign invasion and the spillover of conflicts from Russia’s North Caucasus as the worst potential near- and long-term scenarios, respectively.[7]
Flags
These are the Georgian military flags as of 2004.[8]
 Flag of Land Forces |
 Flag of Navy |
 Flag of Air Force |
 Flag of National Guard |
 Standard of Chief of General Staff |
 Standard of Minister of Defence |
See also
Notes
References
- ^ Increase in the Defense Budget - 2008, http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=18784
- ^ The Strategic Defense Review (2007), p. 86.
- ^ The Strategic Defense Review (2007), p. 77.
- ^ a b The Strategic Defense Review (2007), p. 74.
- ^ Land Force
- ^ The Messenger, http://www.messenger.com.ge/issues/1529_january_22_2008/1529_nato.html
- ^ The Strategic Defense Review (2007), p. 77.
- ^ Georgia: Military flags, 2004
- Ministry of Defense of Georgia: The Strategic Defence Review 2007. mod.gov.ge. Accessed on May 7, 2008.
- This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain., 2005
- This article contains material from the US Department of State's Background Notes which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain., 2005
- GlobalSecurity.org on Georgia’s military
Further reading
- Richard Woff, 'The Armed Forces of Georgia', Jane's Intelligence Review, July 1993
External links
- Georgia Ministry of Defence website
- National Security Council of Georgia
- Conscription in Georgia
- Georgian Armed Forces Network
- Georgian troops trained by US army and SAS veterans
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