Middle cerebral artery
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Middle_cerebral_artery".

Artery: Middle cerebral artery
Outer surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. (Pink is region supplied by middle cerebral artery.)
The arterial circle and arteries of the brain. The middle cerebral arteries (top of figure) arise from the internal carotid arteries.
Latin	arteria cerebri media
Gray's	subject #146 572
Supplies	cerebrum
Source	internal carotid arteries
Branches	anterolateral central arteries
Vein	middle cerebral vein
Dorlands / Elsevier	a_61/12153812

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired arteries that supplies blood to the brain.

Path

The MCA arises from the internal carotid and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex. It also supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cortices.

The left and right MCAs rise from trifurcations of the internal carotid arteries and thus are connected to the anterior cerebral arteries and the posterior communicating arteries, which connect to the posterior cerebral arteries. The MCAs are not considered a part of the Circle of Willis.^[1]

Terminal branches

The MCAs divide into 2 terminal branches (trunks): a superior terminal branch and an inferior terminal branch

Superior terminal branch

From the Superior terminal branch comes:

• The lateral frontobasal (orbitio-frontal) artery
• The Prefrontal sulcal artery
• pre-Rolandic (precentral) and Rolandic (central) sulcal arteries

Inferior terminal branch

From the Inferior terminal branch comes:

• Three temporal branches (anterior, middle, posterior)
• A branch to the angular gyrus
• Two parietal branches (anterior & posterior)

Areas supplied

Areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery include:

• The bulk of the lateral surface of the hemisphere. are the superior inch of the frontal lobe and parietal lobe and the inferior part of the temporal lobe and the occipital pole, which are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery.
• Part of the internal capsule and basal ganglia.

Occlusion

Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery may result in the following defects:

1. Paralysis of the contralateral face and arm.
2. Sensory loss in the contralateral face and arm.
3. Aphasia (e.g. Broca's, Wernicke's, conduction, and anomic types) when the dominant hemisphere (usually the left hemisphere for right handed individuals) is affected
4. Contralateral neglect syndrome with damage to the right hemisphere
5. Homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia.

Additional images

Arteries at base of brain: middle cerebral artery at upper left. The temporal pole of the cerebrum and a portion of the cerebellar hemisphere have been removed on the right side. Inferior aspect (viewed from below).

Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries.

Location of cerebral cortex

References

External links

• MedEd at Loyola Neuro/neurovasc/navigation/mca.htm
• SUNY Labs 28:09-0215
• Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 13048.000-1
• Blood supply at neuropat.dote.hu

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