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| Nerve: Maxillary nerve | |
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| Alveolar branches of superior maxillary nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion. | |
| Latin | n. maxillaris |
| Gray's | subject #200 889 |
| MeSH | Maxillary+Nerve |
The maxillary nerve (superior maxillary nerve) is a sensory cranial nerve which comprises the principal functions of sensation from the maxillary, nasal cavity, sinuses, the palate and subsequently that of the mid-face, [1] and is intermediate, both in position and size, between the ophthalmic nerve and the mandibular nerve. It's function is the transmission of sensory fibres from the maxillary teeth, the skin between the palpebral fissure and the mouth, and from the nasal cavity and sinuses.[2]
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Path
Anterior to the trigeminal ganglion, the maxillary nerve passes through the cavernous sinus and exits the skull through the foramen rotundum.
It begins at the middle of the trigeminal ganglion as a flattened plexiform band, and, passing horizontally forward, it leaves the skull through the foramen rotundum, where it becomes more cylindrical in form, and firmer in texture.
It then crosses the pterygopalatine fossa, inclines lateralward on the back of the maxilla, and enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure; it traverses the infraorbital groove and canal in the floor of the orbit, and appears upon the face at the infraorbital foramen.
At its termination, the nerve lies beneath the quadratus labii superioris, and divides into a leash of branches which spread out upon the side of the nose, the lower eyelid, and the upper lip, joining with filaments of the facial nerve.
Branches
Its branches may be divided into four groups, according as they are given off in the cranium, in the pterygopalatine fossa, in the infraorbital canal, or on the face.
In the cranium
In the pterygopalatine fossa
- Zygomatic nerve (zygomaticotemporal nerve, zygomaticofacial nerve)
- Two small branches to the pterygopalatine ganglion (sometimes called the sphenopalatine ganglion)
- Posterior superior alveolar nerve
In the infraorbital canal
On the face
Additional images
 Oblique section through the cavernous sinus. |
 Dermatome distribution of the trigeminal nerve |
 Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion. |
 The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. |
References
- Monkhouse, Stanley (2006). Cranial nerves - functional anatomy. Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-61537-2.
Notes
External links
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
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