List of state leaders in 400 BC
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401 BC state leaders — Events of 400 BC — 399 BC state leaders — State leaders by year

Africa

• Carthage — Himilco II, King of Carthage (406 BC–396 BC)
• Cyrene – Governed by republican council under Persian control (440 BC–331 BC)
• Egypt (Thirty-First Dynasty) — Artaxerxes II, Pharaoh of Egypt (404 BC–358 BC)
• Kush — Harsiotef, King of Kush (404 BC–369 BC)

Asia

• China (Warring States Period)
  • Eastern Zhou Dynasty — King An of Zhou (401 BC–375 BC)
  • Chu — King Dao of Chu (401 BC–380 BC)
  • Jin — Duke Lie of Jin (415 BC–388 BC)
    • Han — Marquess Jing of Han (408 BC–399 BC)
    • Zhao — Marquess Lie of Zhao (408 BC–386 BC)
    • Wei (II) — Marquess Wen of Wei (445 BC–395 BC)
  • Lu — Duke Mu of Lu (407 BC–375 BC)
  • Qi — Duke Kang of Qi (404 BC–379 BC)
  • Qin — Duke Jian of Qin (414 BC–399 BC)
  • Song — Duke Dao of Song (403 BC–395 BC)
  • Tianqi — Duke Tai of Tianqi (404 BC–383 BC)
  • Wei (I) — Duke Shen of Wei (414 BC–372 BC)
  • Yan — Duke Jian of Yan (414 BC–369 BC)
  • Yue — King Yi of Yue (411 BC–376 BC)
  • Zheng — Duke Ru of Zheng (422 BC–395 BC)
• Japan—Emperor Kōshō, of Japan (c.475 BC–c.393 BC)

Europe

• Athens
  • Archon(s):
    1. Xenaenetus, Archon of Athens (401 BC–400 BC)
    2. Laches, Archon of Athens (400 BC–399 BC)
• Ireland — Cobthach Cóel Breg, High King of Ireland (408 BC–378 BC)
• Macedon (Argead Dynasty) — Archelaus I, King of Macedon (413 BC–399 BC)
• Roman Republic — Governing power held by the Committee of the Consular Tribunes, (408 BC–395 BC)
• Sparta
  • (Eurypontid Dynasty):
    1. Agis II, King of Sparta (427 BC–400 BC)
    2. Agesilaus II, King of Sparta (400 BC–360 BC)
  • (Agiad Dynasty): Pausanias, King of Sparta (409 BC–395 BC)
• Syracuse — Dionysius I, Tyrant of Syracuse (405 BC–367 BC)

Middle East

• Persian Empire (Achaemenid Dynasty) — Artaxerxes II, Great King of Persia (404 BC–358 BC)