List of state leaders in 1871
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List of state leaders in 1870 - Events of 1871 - List of state leaders in 1872 - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy - Kofi Kakari, Asantehene (1867-1874)
• Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908)
• Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856-1889)
• Ethiopia -
  1. Tekle Giyorgis II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1868-1871)
  2. Yohannes IV, Emperor of Ethiopia (1871-1889)
• Liberia
  • President -
    1. Edward James Roye, President of Liberia (1870-1871)
    2. James Skivring Smith, President of Liberia (1871-1872)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Ahmad Rufa'i, Sokoto Caliph (1867-1873)
  • Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1859-c.1874)
• Zanzibar - Barghash ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Zanzibar (1870-1888)
• Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840-1872)

Asia

• Afghanistan - Shir Ali Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1868-1879)
• China (Qing Dynasty) - Tóngzhì, Emperor of China (1861-1875)
• Japan - Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1867-1912)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Tai, King of Ryūkyū (1848-11 March 1879)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Gojong, King of Joseon (1864-1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Nepal - Surendra Bikram Shah Deva, King of Nepal (1847-1881)
• Oman -
  1. Azzan bin Qais, Sultan of Oman (1868-1871)
  2. Turki bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1871-1888)

Europe

• Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848-1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria -
  1. Count Alfred von Potocki-Pilawa, Minister-President of Austria (1870-1871)
  2. Count Karl Siegmund von Hohenwart, Minister-President of Austria (1871)
  3. Baron Ludwig von Holzgethan, Minister-President of Austria (1871)
  4. Prince Adolf Wilhelm Daniel von Auersperg, Minister-President of Austria (1871-1879)
  • Minister-President of Hungary -
  1. Count Gyula Andrássy, Minister-President of Hungary (1867-1871)
  2. Count Menyhért Lónyay, Minister-President of Hungary (1871-1872)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865-1909)
  • Cabinet Chief -
    1. Jules Joseph d'Anethan, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1870-1871)
    2. Jules Malou, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1871-1878, 1884)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX, King of Denmark (1863-1906)
  • Prime Minister - Ludvig Henrik Carl Herman, Prime Minister of Denmark (1870-1874)
• France -
  • Head of State -
    1. Jules Trochu, President of the Government of National Defense (1870-1871)
    2. Adolphe Thiers, President of France (1871-1873)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jules Trochu, President of the Council (1870-1871)
    2. Jules Dufaure, President of the Council (1871-1873)
• German Empire -
  • Monarch - Wilhelm I, Kaiser (1871-1888)
  • Chancellor - Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany (1871-1890)
  • Prussia -
    • Monarch - Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861-1888)
    • Prime Minister - Otto von Bismarck, Minister-President of Prussia (1862-1873)
  • Bavaria - Ludwig II, King of Bavaria (1864-1886)
  • Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854-1873)
  • Württemberg - Karl, King of Württemberg (1864-1891)
• Holy See - Pope Pius IX (1846-1878)
• Italy -
  • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861-1878)
  • Prime Minister - Giovanni Lanza, Prime Minister of Italy (1869-1873)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
  • Prime Minister - Emmanuel Servais, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1867-1874)
• Netherlands
  • Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pieter Philip van Bosse, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1868-1871
    2. Jan Rudolf Thorbecke, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1849-1853, 1862-1866, 1871-1872)
• Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Carl IV, King of Norway (1859-1872)
• Ottoman Empire - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
• Portugal - Luis, King of Portugal (1861-1889)
• Romania - Carol I, Prince of Romania (1866-1881)
• Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855-1881)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Amadeus, King of Spain (1870-1873)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Juan Bautista Topete Carballo, Acting Prime Minister of Spain (1870-1871)
    2. Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Duke de la Torre, Prime Minister of Spain (1868-1869, 1871, 1872, 1874)
    3. Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla, Prime Minister of Spain (1871)
    4. José Malcampo Monge,, Prime Minister of Spain (1871)
    5. Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, Prime Minister of Spain (1871-1872, 1874, 1881-1883, 1885-1890, 1892-1895, 1897-1899)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859-1872)
• United Kingdom
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901)
  • Prime Minister - William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886, 1892-1894)

Middle East and North Africa

• Abu Dhabi - Zaid ibn Khalifa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855-1909)
• Egypt - Ismail, Khedive of Egypt (1867-1879)
• Morocco - Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco (1859-1873)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Monarch - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
  • Grand Vizier -
    1. Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1867-1871)
    2. Mahmud Nedim Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1871-1872)

North America and Caribbean

• Canada
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Canada (1837-1901)
  • Governor General - Lord Lisgar, Governor-General of Canada (1869-1872)
  • Prime Minister - John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada (1867-1891)
• Costa Rica - Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez, President of Costa Rica (1870–1876)
• Mexico - Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (1867-1872)
• United States - Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States (1869-1877)

Oceania

• Fiji - Seru Epenisa Cakobau, King of Fiji (1852-1874)
• Hawaii - Kamehameha V, King of Hawaiʻi (1863-1872)
• Samoa - Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860-1880)
• Tahiti - Pomare IV, Queen of Tahiti (1827-1877)
• Tonga - Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845-1893)

South America

• Argentina - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina (1868-1874)
• Brazil - Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831-1889)
• Ecuador - Gabrial García Moreno, President of Ecuador (1869-1875)
• Uruguay - Lorenzo Batlle y Grau, President of Uruguay (1868-1872)
• Venezuela - Antonio Guzmán Blanco, President of Venezuela (1870-1877)