List of state leaders in 1849
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1848 state leaders - Events of 1849 - 1850 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy - Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834-1867)
• Buganda - Suna II, King of Buganda (1836-1856)
• Bunyoro - Olimi V, Omukama of Bunyoro (1848-1852)
• Burundi - Ntare IV Rugamba, King of Burundi (1796-1852)
• Dahomey - Ghezo, King of Dahomey (1818-1856)
• Liberia - Joseph Jenkins Roberts, President of Liberia (1848-1856)
• Rwanda - Mutara II Rwogera, King of Rwanda (1830-1853)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Ali bin Bello I, Sokoto Caliph (1842-1859)
  • Grand Vizier - Abd al-Qadir, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1842-1859)
• Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840-1872)

Asia

• Afghanistan - Dost Mohammad Khan, King of Afghanistan (1843-1863)
• China (Qing Dynasty) - Daoguang, Emperor of China (1821-1850)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Kōmei, Emperor of Japan (1846-1867)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Ieyoshi, Shogun of Japan (1837-1853)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Tai, King of Ryūkyū (1848-11 March 1879)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) -
  1. Heonjong, King of Joseon (1834-1849)
  2. Cheoljong, King of Joseon (1849-1864)

Europe

• Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822-1864)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831-1865)
  • Cabinet Chief - Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1832-1834, 1847-1852, 1857-1868)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Frederick VII, King of Denmark (1848-1863)
  • Prime Minister - Adam Wilhelm, Prime Minister of Denmark (1848-1852)
• France -
  • President - Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, President of France (1848-1852)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Odilon Barrot, Prime Minister of France (1848-1849)
    2. Comte d'Hautpoul, Prime Minister of France (1849-1851)
• German Confederation
  • Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848-1916)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch -
      1. William II, King of the Netherlands (1840-1849)
      2. William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
    • Prime Minister - Jean-Jacques Madelaine Willmar, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1848-1853)
  • Prussia -
    • Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840-1861)
    • Prime Minister - Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg, Minister-President of Prussia (1848-1850)
  • Bavaria - Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1848-1864)
  • Saxony - Frederick Augustus, King of Saxony (1836-1854)
  • Hanover - Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (1837-1851)
  • Württemberg - William, King of Württemberg (1816-1864)
• Hungary -
  • Monarch - Franz Joseph I of Austria, King of Hungary (1848-1916)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Lajos Kossuth, Prime Minister of Hungary 26 November 1848 – 11 August 1849
    2. Bertalan Szemere, Prime Minister of Hungary 11 August – 13 August 1849
• Netherlands -
  • Monarch -
    1. William II, King of the Netherlands (1840-1849)
    2. William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jacob de Kempenaer, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1848-1849)
    2. Jan Rudolf Thorbecke, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1849-1853, 1862-1866, 1871-1872)
• Portugal - Maria II, Queen of Portugal (1826-1828, 1834-1853)
• Russia - Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia (1825-1855)
• Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (1833-1868)
• Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Oscar I, King of Sweden (1844-1859)
• Two Sicilies - Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies (1830-1859)
• United Kingdom
  • Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901)
  • Prime Minister - Lord John Russell, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1846-1852)

Middle East and North Africa

• Egypt -
  1. Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805-1849)
  2. Abbas I, Governor of Egypt (1849-1854)
• Kuwait - Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah, Ruler of Kuwait (1814-1859)
• Morocco - Abderrahmane, Sultan of Morocco (1822-1859)
• Oman - Sa'id II ibn Sultan, Sultan of Oman (1804-1856)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Monarch - Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839-1861)
  • Grand Vizier - Mustafa Resid Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1848-1852)

North America

• Canada
  1. Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin, leaders, Executive Council, United Province of Canada
• Costa Rica -
  1. José María Castro Madriz, President of Costa Rica (1847–1849)
  2. Miguel Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849)
  3. Juan Rafael Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849–1859)
• Mexico: José Joaquín de Herrera, President of Mexico (1848–1851)
• United States:
  1. James K. Polk, President of the United States (1845–1849)
  2. Zachary Taylor, President of the United States (1849–1850)

Oceania

• Hawaii - Kamehameha III, King of Hawaii (1823-1854)
• Tonga - Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845-1893)

South America

• Brazil - Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831-1889)
• Uruguay - Joaquín Suárez, President of Uruguay (1843-1852)