List of state leaders in 1640
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1639 state leaders - Events of 1640 - 1641 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Dahomey - Dakodonou, King of Dahomey (1620-1645)
• Ethiopia - Fasilides, Emperor of Ethiopia (1632-1667)

Asia

• China (Ming Dynasty) - Chongzhen, Emperor of China (1627-1644)
• Japan -
  • Monarch - Meishō, Emperor of Japan (1629-1643)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Iemitsu, Shogun of Japan (1623-1651)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Hō, King of Ryūkyū (1621-1640)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Injo, King of Joseon (1623-1649)
• Qing Dynasty (Manchu Empire) - Hong Taiji, Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1626-1643)

Europe

• Austria - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637-1657)
• England - Charles I, King of England (1625-1649)
• France - Louis XIII, King of France (1610-1643)
• Portugal - John IV (1640-1656)
• Spain - Philip IV, King of Spain (1621-1665)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581-1795)
  • Stadtholder - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland(1625 - 1647).
    • Holland - Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629-1631, 1636-1651)