List of state leaders in 1609
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1608 state leaders - Events of 1609 - 1610 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ethiopia - Susenyos, Emperor of Ethiopia (1606-1632)

Asia

• China (Ming Dynasty) - Wanli, Emperor of China (1573-1620)
• Dai Viet - Lê Kính Tông, Emperor of Dai Viet (1600-1619)
  • Đàng Ngoài - Trịnh Tùng, Trịnh Lord (1570-1623)
  • Đàng Trong - Nguyễn Hoàng, Nguyễn Lord (1558–1613)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Go-Yozei, Emperor of Japan (1586-1611)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Hidetada, Shogun of Japan (1605-1623)
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Nei, King of Ryūkyū (1587-1620)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Gwanghaegun, King of Joseon (1608-1623)
• Mughal Empire - Jahangir, Mughal Emperor (1605-1627)

Europe

• Denmark - Christian IV, King of Denmark (1588-1648)
• England - James I, King of England (1603-1625)
• France - Henry IV, King of France (1589-1610)
• Holy Roman Empire - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (1576-1612)
• Russia - No Head of State (Time of Troubles, 1605-1613)
• Spain - Philip III, King of Spain (1598-1621)
• Sweden - Charles IX, King of Sweden (1604-1611)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581-1795)
  • Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585 - 1625)
  • Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldebarnevelt (1586-1619)
• Venice - Leonardo Donato, Doge of Venice (1606-1612)

Middle East and North Africa

• Ottoman Empire - Ahmed I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1603-1617)
• Safavid Empire - Abbas I Shah of Iran (1587-1629)