List of state leaders in 1585
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1584 state leaders - Events of 1585 - 1586 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ethiopia - Sarsa Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia (1563-1597)
• Kongo - Álvaro I, Manikongo (1568 - 1587)
• Sennar -
  1. Dakin (1568 - 1585/6)
  2. Dawra (1585/6-1587/8)
• Songhai Empire - Askia Al-Hajj, Askia of the Songhai Empire (1582-1586)

Asia

• Bukhara - Abdullah Khan II, Khan of Bukhara (1577-1598)
• China (Ming Dynasty) - Wanli, Emperor of China (1573-1620)
• Dai Viet - Lê Thế Tông, Emperor of Dai Viet (1573-1599)
  • Đàng Ngoài - Trịnh Tùng, Trịnh Lord (1570-1623)
  • Đàng Trong - Nguyễn Hoàng, Nguyễn Lord (1558–1613)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Ogimachi, Emperor of Japan (1557-1586)
  • de facto - Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)
  • Regent (Kampaku) - Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Sessho and Kampaku (1585-1598)
• Khiva - Haji Muhammad I, Khan of Khiva (1558-1602)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Seonjo, King of Joseon (1567-1608)
• Mughal Empire - Akbar, Mughal Emperor (1556-1605)
• Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Ei, King of Ryūkyū (1573-1586)

Europe

• Denmark-Norway - Frederick II, King of Denmark and King of Norway (1559-1588)
• England - Elizabeth I, Queen of England (1558 - 1603)
• France - Henry III, King of France (1574-1589)
• Holy Roman Empire - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (1576-1612)
• Hungary - Rudolf I, King of Hungary (1576-1608)
• Navarre - Henry III of Navarre, King of Navarre (1572-1610)
• Papal States
  • Gregory XIII, Pope (1572-1585)
  • Sixtus V, Pope (1585-1590)
• Poland - Stefan Batory, King of Poland (1575-1586)
• Russia
  • Tsar - Feodor I (1584-1598)
  • Regent - Boris Godunov (1584-1598)
• Scotland - James VI, King of Scotland (1567-1625)
• Spain and Portugal - Philip II (1556-1598)
• Sweden - John III, King of Sweden (1568-1592)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Brabant, Flanders, Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581-1795)
  • Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, governor of the Netherlands (for queen Elizabeth I of England)
  • Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland (1585 - 1625)
• Venice -
  1. Nicolò da Ponte, Doge of Venice (1578-1585)
  2. Pasqual Cicogna, Doge of Venice (1585-1595)

Middle East and North Africa

• Morocco - Ahmad I al-Mansur Saadi, Sultan of the Saadi dynasty (1578-1603)
• Ottoman Empire - Murad III, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1574-1595)
• Safavid Empire - Mohammed Khodabanda Shah of Iran (1578-1587)