List of state leaders in 1560
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1559 state leaders - Events of 1560 - 1561 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ethiopia - Menas, Emperor of Ethiopia (1559-1563)
• Kongo - Diogo I, Manikongo (1545 - 1561)
• Sennar - Abu Sakikin (1557/8 - 1568)
• Songhai Empire - Askia Daoud, Askia of the Songhai Empire (1549-1582)

Asia

• China (Ming Dynasty) - Jiajing, Emperor of China (1521-1567)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Ogimachi, Emperor of Japan (1557-1586)
  • Shogun (Ashikaga) - Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Shogun of Japan (1546-1565)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Myeongjong, King of Joseon (1545-1567)
• Mughal Empire - Jalaluddin Muhammed Akbar, Emperor of the Mughal Empire (1556-1605)
• Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Gen, King of Ryūkyū (1556-1572)

Europe

• Denmark - Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway (1559-1588)
• England - Elizabeth I, Queen of England (1558 - 1603)
• France
  1. Francis II, King of France (1559-1560)
  2. Charles IX, King of France (1560-1574)
• Holy Roman Empire - Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (1556-1564)
• Hungary -
  • Ferdinand I, Rival King of Hungary (1526-1564)
  • John II Zapolya, Rival King of Hungary (1540-1571)
• Lithuania-Poland - Sigismund II, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1544-1572) and King of Poland (1548-1572)
• Moldavia - Alexandru Lapusneanu, Voivode of Moldavia (1552-1561)
• Navarre - Jeanne III, King of Navarre (1555-1572)
• Portugal - Sebastian, King of Portugal (1557-1578)
• Scotland Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1567)
• Spain - Philip II, King of Spain (1556-1598)
• Sweden -
  1. Gustav I Vasa, King of Sweden (1521/1523-1560)
  2. Eric XIV, King of Sweden (1560-1568)
• Venice - Giorolamo Priuli, Doge of Venice (1559-1567)

Middle East and North Africa

• Morocco - Abdallah al-Ghalib, Sultan of the Saadi dynasty (1557-1574)
• Ottoman Empire - Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1520-1566)
• Safavid Empire - Tahmasp I Shah of Iran (1524-1576)