List of state leaders in 1409
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1408 state leaders - Events of 1409 - 1410 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

• Ethiopia - Dawit I, Emperor of Ethiopia, (1382 - 1413)

Asia

• China (Ming Dynasty) - Yongle, Emperor of China (1402 - 1424)
• Chūzan - Shō Shishō - King of Chūzan (1407-1421)
• Hokuzan - Hananchi - King of Hokuzan (1401-1416)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Go-Komatsu, Emperor of Japan (1392-1412)
  • Shogun (Ashikaga) - Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Shogun of Japan (1394-1423)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Taejong, King of Joseon (1400-1418)
• Nanzan - Ououso - King of Nanzan (1403-1413)

Europe

• Byzantine Empire - Manuel II Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor, (1391-1425)
• Castile - John II, King of Castile (1406-1454)
• England - Henry IV, King of England (1399-1413)
• France - Charles VI, King of France (1380-1422)
• Germany - (House of Wittelsbach) - Ruprecht, king of the Romans (1400-1410)
  • Bavaria-Straubing (House of Wittelsbach) - William II, duke of Bavaria-Straubing and count of Holland and Hainaut (1404-1417)
  • Margraviate of Meißen (Wettin) - Wilhelm der Reiche (1381-1425) and Friedrich der Streitbare (1381-1428)
  • Thuringia (Wettin) - Friedrich IV der Friedfertige (1406-1440)
• Poland - Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland (1386-1434)
• Portugal - John I, King of Portugal (1385-1433)
• Scotland - James I, King of Scotland (1406-1437)
• Bosnia
  • Stjepan Ostoja, (restored), King of Bosnia (1409-1418)

Middle East and North Africa

• Ak Koyunlu - Kara Osman, Leader of the White Sheep Turkmen (1403-1435)
• Cyprus - Janus, King of Cyprus (1398-1432)
• Egypt - Faraj, Sultan of Egypt (1405-1412)
• Trebizond - Manuel III, Emperor of Trebizond (1390-1416)