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List of plants pollinated by bees
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List_of_plants_pollinated_by_bees" .
Pollination by insects is called entomophily . Entomophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by insects, particularly bees , Lepidoptera (e.g. butterflies and moths ), flies and beetles . Note that honey bees will pollinate many plant species that are not native to areas where honey bees occur, and are often inefficient pollinators of such plants.
Common name
Latin name
Pollinator
Commercial product
of pollination
Pollinator
impact
number of
honey bee hives
per acre
Geography of cultivation
Okra
Abelmoschus esculentus
Honey bees (incl. Apis cerana ), Solitary bees (Halictus spp.)
fruit
2-modest
temperate
Kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosa
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
fruit
4-essential
Bucket orchid
Coryanthes
Male Euglossini bees (Orchid bees)
Onion
Allium cepa
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Cashew
Anacardium occidentale
Honey bees, Stingless bees, bumblebees, Solitary bees (Centris tarsata ), Butterflies, flies, hummingbirds
nut
3-great
tropical
Atemoya , Cherimoya , Custard apple
Annona squamosa
Nitidulid beetles
fruit
4-essential
tropical
Celery
Apium graveolens
Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies
seed
temperate
Strawberry tree
Arbutus unedo
Honey bees, bumblebees
fruit
2-modest
Pawpaw
Asimina triloba
Carrion flies , Dung flies
fruit
4-essential
temperate
Carambola , Starfruit
Averrhoa carambola
Honey bees, Stingless bees
fruit
3-great
tropical
Brazil nut
Bertholletia excelsa
Bumblebees, Orchid bees (Euglossini ), Carpenter bees
nut
4-essential
tropical
Beet
Beta vulgaris
Hover flies , Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
1-little
temperate
Mustard
Brassica alba , Brassica hirta , Brassica nigra
Honey bees, Solitary bees (Osmia cornifrons , Osmia lignaria )
seed
2-modest
temperate
Rapeseed
Brassica napus
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
2-modest
temperate
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea cultivar
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Cauliflower
Brassica oleracea Botrytis Group
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea Capitata Group
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Brussels sprouts
Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Turnip , Canola
Brassica rapa
Honey bees, Solitary bees (Andrena ilerda , Osmia cornifrons , Osmia lignaria , Halictus spp.), flies
seed
3-great
1
temperate
Pigeon pea , Cajan pea, Congo bean
Cajanus cajan
Honey bees, solitary bees (Megachile spp.), Carpenter bees
seed
1-little
Jack bean, Horse bean, Sword bean
Canavalia spp.
Solitary bees, Carpenter bees (Xylocopa confusa )
seed
2-modest
Chile pepper , Red pepper, Bell pepper, Green pepper
Capsicum annuum , Capsicum frutescens
Honey bees, stingless bees (Melipona spp.), bumblebees, solitary bees, hover flies
fruit
1-little (pollinators important in green houses to increase fruit weight, but less in open fields)
Papaya
Carica papaya
Honey bees, thrips, large sphinx moths , Moths, Butterflies
fruit
1-little
Safflower
Carthamus tinctorius
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
1-little
Caraway
Carum carvi
Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies
seed
2-modest
temperate
Chestnut
Castanea sativa
Honey bees, Solitary bees
nut
2-modest
temperate
Star apple , Cainito
Chrysophyllum cainito
Insects, bats
fruit
1-little
tropical
Watermelon
Citrullus lanatus
Honey bees, bumblebees, solitary bees
fruit
4-essential
1-3
temperate
Tangerine
Citrus reticulata
Honey bees, bumblebees
fruit
1-little
sub-tropical
Tangelo
Citrus spp.
Honey bees, Bumblebees
fruit
1-little
sub-tropical
Coconut
Cocos nucifera
Honey bees, Stingless bees
nut
2-modest
tropical
Coffea spp. Coffea arabica , Coffea canephora
Coffea spp.
Honey bees, Stingless bees, Solitary bees
fruit
2-modest
tropical
Cola nut
Cola nitida , Cola vera , Cola acuminata
flies
nut
3-great
Coriander
Coriandrum sativum
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
3-great
Crownvetch
Coronilla varia L.
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed (increased yield from pollinators)
temperate
Hazelnut
Corylus cornuta var. californica
Honey bees, Solitary bees
nut
temperate
Azarole
Crataegus azarolus
Honey bees, Solitary bees
fruit
1-little
Cantaloupe , Melon
Cucumis melo L.
Honey bees, Squash bees , bumblebees, Solitary bees (Ceratina spp.)
fruit
4-essential
2-4
temperate
Cucumber
Cucumis sativus
Honey bees, Squash bees , Bumblebees, Leafcutter bee (in greenhouse pollination), Solitary bees (for some parthenocarpic gynoecious green house varieties pollination is detrimental to fruit quality)
fruit
3-great
1-2
temperate
Squash (plant) , Pumpkin , Gourd , Marrow , Zuchini
Cucurbita spp.
Honey bees, Squash bees , Bumblebees, Solitary bees
fruit
4-essential
1
temperate
Guar bean , Goa bean
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
Honey bees
seed
1-little
Quince
Cydonia oblonga Mill.
Honey bees
fruit
temperate
Carrot
Daucus carota
Flies, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Hyacinth bean
Dolichos spp.
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
2-modest
Longan
Dimocarpus longan
Honey bees, Stingless bees
1-little
Persimmon
Diospyros kaki , Diospyros virginiana
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
fruit
1-little
Durian
Durio zibethinus
Bats, birds
3-great
tropical
Oil palm
Elaeis guineensis
Weevils, thrips
seed
1-little
tropical
Cardamom
Elettaria cardamomum
Honey bees, Solitary bees
3-great
Loquat
Eriobotrya japonica
Honey bees, Bumblebees
fruit
3-great
Buckwheat
Fagopyrum esculentum
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
3-great
1
temperate
Feijoa
Feijoa sellowiana
Honey bees, Solitary bees
fruit
3-great
tropical
Fig
Ficus spp.
Fig wasps (incl. Blastophaga psenes )[1] [2]
fruit (syconium)
2-modest
sub-tropical
Fennel
Foeniculum vulgare
Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies
seed
3-great
temperate
Strawberry
Fragaria spp.
Honey bees, Stingless bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees (Halictus spp.), Hover flies
fruit
2-modest
1
temperate
Soybean
Glycine max , Glycine soja
Honey bees, bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
2-modest
temperate
Stanhopea
Stanhopea
Male Euglossini bees (Orchid bees)
Cotton
Gossypium spp.
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed, fiber
2-modest
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
Honey bees, bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
2-modest
1
temperate
Walnut
Juglans spp.
Honey bees, Solitary bees
nut
temperate
Flax
Linum usitatissimum
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
1-little
temperate
Lychee
Litchi chinensis
Honey bees, flies
fruit
1-little
Lupine
Lupinus angustifolius L.
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Macadamia
Macadamia ternifolia
Honey bees, Stingless bees (Trigona carbonaria ), Solitary bees (Homalictus spp.), Wasps, Butterflies
nut
4-essential
tropical
Acerola
Malpighia glabra
Honey bees, Solitary bees
fruit (minor commercial value)
Apple
Malus domestica , or Malus sylvestris
Honey bees, orchard mason bee , Bumblebees, Solitary bees (Andrena spp., Halictus spp., Osmia spp., Anthophora spp.), Hover flies (Eristalis cerealis , Eristalis tenax )
fruit
3-great
1, 2 semi dwarf, 3 dwarf
temperate
Mammee
Mammea americana
Bees
fruit
2-modest
tropical
Mango
Mangifera indica
Honey bees, Stingless bees, flies, ants, wasps
fruit
3-great
sub-tropical
Sapodilla
Manikara zapotilla
thrips
fruit
4-essential
tropical
Alfalfa
Medicago sativa
Alfalfa leafcutter bee , Alkali bee , Honey bees
seed
1
temperate
Rambutan
Nephelium lappaceum
Honey bees, Stingless bees, flies
fruit
1-little
tropical
Cactus , Prickly pear
Opuntia spp.
Bumblebees, Solitary bees
fruit
2-modest
Sainfoin
Onobrychis spp.
Honey bees, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Passion fruit . Maracuja
Passiflora edulis
Carpenter bees, Solitary bees, bumblebees, humming birds
fruit
4-essential
tropical
Avocado
Persea americana
Honey bees, Stingless bees, Solitary bees
fruit
3-great
Lima bean , Kidney bean , Haricot bean, Adzuki bean, Mungo bean, String bean
Phaseolus spp.
Honey bees, Solitary bees
fruit, seed
1-little
Scarlet runner bean
Phaseolus coccineus L.
Bumblebees, Honey bees, Solitary bees, Thrips
seed
Allspice
Pimenta dioica
Honey bees, Solitary bees (Halictus spp., Exomalopsis spp., Ceratina spp.)
3-great
Apricot
Prunus armeniaca
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies
fruit
3-great
1
temperate
Sweet Cherry
Prunus avium spp.
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies
fruit
3-great
temperate
Sour cherry
Prunus cerasus
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies
fruit
3-great
temperate
Plum , Greengage, Mirabelle , Sloe
Prunus domestica , Prunus spinosa
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies
fruit
3-great
1
temperate
Almond
Prunus dulcis , Prunus amygdalus , or Amygdalus communis
Honey bees, bumblebees, Solitary bees (Osmia cornuta ), flies
nut
3-great
2-3
temperate
Peach , Nectarine
Prunus persica
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, flies
fruit
3-great
1
temperate
Guava
Psidium guajava
Honey bees, Stingless bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees (Lasioglossum spp.)
fruit
2-modest
tropical
Pomegranate
Punica granatum
Honey bees, Solitary bees, beetles
fruit
2-modest
Pear
Pyrus communis
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, Hover flies (Eristalis spp.)
fruit
3-great
1
temperate
Black currant , Red currant
Ribes nigrum , Ribes rubrum
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
fruit
2-modest
temperate
Rose hips , Dogroses
Rosa spp.
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Carpenter bees, Solitary bees, Hover flies
3-great
temperate
Boysenberry
Rubus spp.
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
fruit
temperate
Raspberry
Rubus idaeus
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, Hover flies (Eristalis spp.)
fruit
3-great
1
temperate
Blackberry
Rubus fruticosus
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, Hover flies (Eristalis spp.)
fruit
3-great
temperate
Elderberry
Sambucus nigra
Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies, Longhorn beetles
fruit
2-modest
temperate
Sesame
Sesamum indicum
Honey bees, Solitary bees, wasps, flies
seed
2-modest
Eggplant
Solanum melongena
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
fruit
2-modest (pollinators important in green houses, but less in open fields)
temperate
Naranjillo
Solanum quitoense
Bumblebees, Solitary bees
fruit
3-great
tropical
Rowanberry
Sorbus aucuparia
Honey bees, Solitary bees, Bumblebees, Hover flies
fruit
4-essential
temperate
Service Tree
Sorbus domestica
bees, flies
fruit
2-modest
Hog plum
Spondias spp.
Honey bees, Stingless bees (Melipona spp.)
fruit
1-little
Tamarind
Tamarindus indica
Honey bees (incl. Apis dorsata )
fruit
1-little
Cocoa
Theobroma cacao
Midges
4-essential
tropical
Clover (not all species)
Trifolium spp.
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
1
temperate
White clover
Trifolium alba
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
1
temperate
Alsike clover
Trifolium hybridum L.
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
1
temperate
Crimson clover
Trifolium incarnatum
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
1
Red clover
Trifolium pratense
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
1
temperate
Arrowleaf clover
Trifolium vesiculosum Savi
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
1
temperate
Blueberry
Vaccinium spp.
Honey bees, Alfalfa leafcutter bees, Southeastern blueberry bee , Bumblebees (Bombus impatiens ), Solitary bees (Anthophora pilipes , Colletes spp., Osmia ribifloris , Osmia lignaria )
fruit
3-great
3-4
temperate
Cranberry
Vaccinium oxycoccus , Vaccinium macrocarpon
Honey bees, Bumblebees (Bombus affinis ), Solitary bees (Megachile addenda , Alfalfa leafcutter bees)
fruit
3
temperate
Vanilla
Vanilla planifolia , Vanilla pompona
Solitary bees
fruit
4-essential
tropical
Tung tree
Vernicia fordii
Honey bees
seed
Broad bean
Vicia faba
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
2-modest
Vetch
Vicia spp.
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
temperate
Cowpea , Black-eyed pea , Blackeye bean
Vigna unguiculata
Honey bees, Bumblebees, Solitary bees
seed
1-little
Karite
Vitellaria paradoxa
Honey bees
nut
2-modest
tropical
Grape
Vitis spp.
Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies
fruit
0-no increase
temperate
Jujube
Zizyphus jujuba
Honey bees, Solitary bees, flies, beetles, wasps
fruit
2-modest
Notes and Sources
^ Kislev, Mordechai E.; Hartmann, Anat; Bar-Yosef, Ofer Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley Science (journal) 2 June 2006: Vol. 312. no. 5778, pp. 1372 - 1374
^ The Calimyrna Fig & Its Pollinator Wasp Wayne's word on-line text book of Natural history
POLLINATION Mid-Atlantic Apicultural Research and Extension Consortium, MAAREC Publication 5.2; February 2000
Pollination and Bee Plants , Excerpted from Beekeeper's Handbook, Sammataro/Avitabile ©1998.
Krombein KV, Hurd PD Jr., Smith DR (eds.). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico , Volume 3, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979
McGregor, S.E. Insect Pollination Of Cultivated Crop Plants USDA , 1976
Mussen, Eric Impact of Honey Bees on the California Environment University of California Davis , 2002
Pollinators’ impact on crop production Research study in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences of 25 October 2006.
See also
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