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| Hungary |
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For Heads of State in the Kingdom of Hungary, see List of Hungarian rulers.
The First Republic
The 1848 revolution had particular impact on the Kingdom of Hungary. The Magyars wanted to establish a Hungarian state, while the Croats sought autonomous government and separation from Hungary.
The independent Hungarian state was proclaimed on 14 April 1849, with Lajos Kossuth as Governor-President. On 13 August 1849, the Habsburgs reasserted their authority with the help of Russian troops.
| Affiliation | Ruler | Reigns of rulers | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary declared complete independence from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on October 17, 1918 and formed the First Republic (as the 1849 state is not counted) | |||
| Mihály Károlyi | 16 November 1918 – 21 March 1919 | president of the republic | |
| Hungarian Party of Communists | Sándor Garbai | 21 March – 1 August 1919 | Romania invades Hungary. |
| Acting Head of State | Gyula Peidl | 1 August – 6 August 1919 | Title: president of the republic |
| First Republic abolished. | |||
| Archduke Joseph August of Austria | 6 August – 23 October 1919 | Regent | |
| István Friedrich | 23 October – 24 November 1919 | president of the republic | |
| Károly Huszár | 24 November 1919 – 1 March 1920 | president of the republic | |
| Monarchy Restored | |||
| Regent | Miklós Horthy | 1 March 1920 – 15 October 1944 | Head of state. (No king at the throne) |
| Arrow Cross puppet-government in part of the country, occupied by Nazis | Ferenc Szálasi | 16 October 1944 – 28 March 1945 | Hungary is occupied by Nazi Germany. |
| anti-Nazi government (to April 1945: in part of the country, freed of Nazis) | Béla Miklós | 21 December 1944 – 2 February 1946 | Hungary is occupied by the Red Army. |
| Second Hungarian Republic | |||
| Independent Smallholders' Party | Zoltán Tildy | 2 February 1946 – 2 August 1948 | president of the republic |
| Hungarian Workers Party | Árpád Szakasits | 2 August 1948 – 26 April 1950 | president of the republic |
| Renamed the "People's Republic of Hungary" | |||
| Hungarian Workers Party | Sándor Rónai | 26 April 1950 – 14 August 1952 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | István Dobi | 14 August 1952 – 13 April 1967 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Hungarian Revolution of 1956 | |||
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | Pál Losonczi | 13 April 1967 – 25 June 1987 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | Károly Németh | 25 June 1987 – 29 June 1988 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | Brunó Ferenc Straub | 29 June 1988 – 18 October 1989 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Third Hungarian Republic | |||
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | Mátyás Szűrös | 18 October 1989 – 2 May 1990 | Interim President |
| Alliance of Free Democrats | Árpád Göncz | 2 May 1990 – 4 August 2000 | president of the republic |
| Non-partisan | Ferenc Mádl | 4 August 2000 – 5 August 2005 | president of the republic |
| Non-partisan | László Sólyom | 5 August 2005 – (incumbent) | president of the republic |
General Secretaries of the Hungarian Communist/Socialist Workers' Party (1945-1989)
- Mátyás Rákosi: February 1945 – 18 July 1956
- Ernő Gerő: 21 July – 25 October 1956
- János Kádár: 25 October 1956 – 22 May 1988
- Károly Grósz: 22 May 1988 – 7 October 1989
