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| Spain |
 This article is part of the series: |
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Other countries · Atlas Politics Portal |
This is a list of Spanish monarchs—that is, rulers of the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word. The forerunners of the Spanish throne, as well as of the Portuguese throne, were the following:
- Kings of the Visigoths
- Suebi Kings of Gallaecia
- Kings of Asturias
- Kings of Aragon
- Kings of Castile
- Kings of Leon
- Kings of Navarre
- Counts of Barcelona
These lineages were eventually united by the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. Although their kingdoms continued to be separate, with their personal union they ruled them together as one dominion. Ferdinand also conquered the southern part of Navarre and annexed it to what was to become Spain. Isabella left her kingdom to her daughter Joanna of Castile. Ferdinand served as her regent during her insanity; though rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced by Joanna's husband Philip the Handsome, he resumed his regency after Philip's death. In 1516, after Ferdinand II's death, his daughter Joanna inherited the kingdom of Aragon, but as she was kept prisoner at Tordesillas as insane, and Joanna's son, the future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V did not want to be a regent merely, so he was proclaimed king of Castile and Aragon jointly with his mother in Brussels. Subsequently, Castilian and Aragonese Cortes alleged oath to him as co-king with his mother. Upon her death, he became sole King of Castile and Aragon, and the thrones were thereafter united permanently.
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Kingdom of Spain (1516-1873)
House of Habsburg / House of Austria
Under Charles I, the two thrones of Castile and Aragon were finally united under one monarch.
| Picture | Coat of arms | Name | Monarch From | Monarch Until |
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Charles I with Joanna (1516-1555) |
March 14, 1516 | January 16, 1556 |
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Philip II | January 16, 1556 | September 13, 1598 |
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Philip III | September 13, 1598 | March 31, 1621 |
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Philip IV | March 31, 1621 | September 17, 1665 |
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Charles II | September 17, 1665 | November 1, 1700 |
House of Bourbon
After Charles II died without heirs, the crown of Spain passed to the next senior descendant of Philip IV (via his eldest daughter) Philip V.
| Picture | Coat of Arms | Name | Monarch From | Monarch Until |
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Philip V | November 16, 1700 | January 14, 1724 |
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Louis I | January 14, 1724 | August 31, 1724 |
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Philip V | September 6, 1724 | July 9, 1746 |
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Ferdinand VI | July 9, 1746 | August 10, 1759 |
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Charles III | August 10, 1759 | December 14, 1788 |
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Charles IV | December 14, 1788 | March 19, 1808 |
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Ferdinand VII | March 19, 1808 | May 6, 1808 |
House of Bonaparte
- See also: Bonaparte
The only monarch from this dynasty was Joseph I, imposed by his brother Napoleon I of France after the kings Charles IV and Ferdinand VII abdicated. The title used by Joseph was King of the Spains and the Indias, by divine grace and the Constitution of the State . He was also later given all of the titles of the previous kings.
| Picture | Coat of Arms | Name | Monarch From | Monarch Until |
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Joseph I Napoleon | June 6, 1808 | December 11, 1813 |
House of Bourbon (first restoration)
Charles IV's eldest son was restored to the throne. Again the title used was king of Castile, Leon, Aragon,… by divine grace.
| Picture | Coat of Arms | Name | Monarch From | Monarch Until |
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Ferdinand VII | December 11, 1813 | September 29, 1833 |
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Isabella II | September 29, 1833 | September 30, 1868 |
Spanish Revolution of 1868
There was established a provisional government and a regency headed by Francisco Serrano y Domínguez while it was requested a new monarch.
House of Savoy
- See also: House of Savoy
The only Monarch of this dynasty was Amadeo I, elected after the Spanish Revolution of 1868 deposed Isabella II. The new title used was King of Spain, by divine grace and will of nation.
| Picture | Coat of Arms | Name | Monarch From | Monarch Until |
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Amadeo I | December 4, 1870 | February 11, 1873 |
First Spanish Republic (1873-1874)
Kingdom of Spain (1874-1931)
House of Bourbon (second restoration)
Isabella II's eldest son was restored to the throne. Constitutional king of Spain.
| Picture | Coat of Arms | Name | Monarch From | Monarch Until |
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Alfonso XII | December 29, 1874 | November 25, 1885 |
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Alfonso XIII | May 17, 1886 | April 14, 1931 |
Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939)
Spanish State (1936-1975)
Spanish State was established by General Francisco Franco during Spanish Civil War in parts of Spain on 1 October 1936, and in the entire country on 1 April 1939. In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy, but did not allow the pretender, Juan de Borbón, Count of Barcelona, to take the throne. In 1969, Franco declared that Juan Carlos, the Count of Barcelona's son, would be his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos succeeded him as the King of Spain.
Kingdom of Spain (1975-Present)
House of Bourbon (third restoration)
Alfonso XIII's claim descended (due to his two eldest sons' renunciations) to his third son, Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, who was passed over in favour of his eldest son, whose title is King of Spain. The Count of Barcelona renounced his claims in favour of his son in 1977, two years after Franco's death and Juan Carlos's accession.
| Picture | Coat of Arms | Name | Monarch From | Monarch Until |
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Juan Carlos I | November 22, 1975 | Incumbent |
See also
- Kings of Spain family tree
- Line of Succession to the Spanish Throne
- Royal Consorts of Spain
- Spanish monarchy
- War of the Spanish Succession
External links
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