List of Roman emperors
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List_of_Roman_emperors".

For a simplified list see: Concise list of Roman Emperors

This is a list of the Roman Emperors with the dates they ruled, or claimed to rule, all or part of the Roman Empire, until the final demise of the Western Empire in 476 or to the death of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I in 565.

Note that Julius Caesar does not appear in the list. His position as Dictator is considered a continuation of the Roman Republic. For a more in-depth discussion of whether or not Julius Caesar might have been considered as the first emperor, see Roman Emperor.

For the worship of the Roman Emperor as a god, see Imperial cult.

The titles conferred on, or assumed by the Emperor, indicated in the Imperial name and Notes columns in the table include:
Imperator: 'Victorious Commander given power by the gods'
Pater Patriae: 'Father of the Fatherland'
Pontifex Maximus: 'Greatest Pontiff' (lit. Bridge-builder)

Key (for columns showing names in Latin):
italics: claimant who cannot be considered to have ruled, or who held power over part of the empire only
bold: name by which the individual is commonly known
bold italics: nickname by which the individual is commonly known (unless a claimant)

content

Contents

Principate

Main article: Principate

Julio-Claudian dynasty

Main article: Julio-Claudian dynasty
Reign Common Name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
16 January 27 BC to 19 August AD 14 Augustus
Rome		 GAIVS OCTAVIVS

GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR OCTAVIANVS
IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS AVGVSTVS 12BC: Pontifex Maximus
Possibly assassinated by poisoning
19 August 14 to 16 March 37 Tiberius
Rome		 TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS NERO

TIBERIVS IVLIVS CAESAR		 TIBERIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS 15: Pontifex Maximus
Possibly assassinated by suffocation. Emperor during the time of Jesus Christ.
18 March 37 to 24 January 41 Caligula
Antium, Italia		 GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR GERMANICVS

GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS CALIGVLA		 GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS Nickname Caligula, (Little-boots); 37: Pontifex Maximus, Pater Patriae;
Assassinated
24 January 41 to 13 October 54 Claudius
Lugdunum, Gallia Lugdunensis		 TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS DRVSVS

TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS DRVSVS NERO GERMANICVS		 TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS CAESAR AUGUSTUS GERMANICVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS 42: Pater Patriae;
Suggested assassinated by poisoning
October 54 to 11 June 68 Nero
Antium, Italia		 LVCIVS DOMITIVS AHENOBARBVS

NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR DRVSVS GERMANICVS

 NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS 55: Pontifex Maximus; later Pater Patriae;
Committed suicide
(from summer AD66):-
IMPERATOR NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS

Year of the three emperors

Main article: Year of the four emperors
Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
8 June 68 to 15 January 69 Galba
near Terracina, Italia		 SERVIVS SVLPICIVS GALBA SERVIVS GALBA IMPERATOR CAESAR AVGVSTVS Murdered by Otho;
see: Year of the four emperors
15 January 69 to 16 April 69 Otho
Ferentinum, Etruria, Italia		 MARCVS SALVIVS OTHO IMPERATOR MARCVS OTHO CAESAR AVGVSTVS Committed suicide;
see: Year of the four emperors
17 April 69 to 20 December 69 Vitellius
Rome		 AVLVS VITELLIVS AVLVS VITELLIVS GERMANICVS IMPERATOR AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; murdered in the Forum;
see: Year of the four emperors

Flavian dynasty

Main article: Flavian dynasty
Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
1 July 69 to 24 June 79 Vespasian
Falacrine, Italia		 TITVS FLAVIVS VESPASIANVS IMPERATOR VESPASIANVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS 70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae
co-emperor;
see: Year of the four emperors
24 June 79 to 13 September 81 Titus
Rome		 TITVS FLAVIVS VESPASIANVS

TITVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS		 IMPERATOR TITVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS 70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae
from August 69
IMPERATOR TITVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS
14 September 81 to 18 September 96 Domitian
Rome		 TITVS FLAVIVS DOMITIANVS
CAESAR DOMITIANVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR DOMITIANVS AVGVSTVS, PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE late 83: Germanicus;
assassinated

Five Good Emperors

Main article: Five Good Emperors
Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
18 September 96 to 27 January 98 Nerva
Narni (?), Italia		 MARCVS COCCEIVS NERVA IMPERATOR NERVA CAESAR AVGVSTVS, PATER PATRIAE buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus, the final emperor consecrated there
28 January 98 to 7 August 117 Trajan
Italica, Hispania Baetica		 MARCVS VLPIVS TRAIANVS

MARCVS VLPIVS NERVA TRAIANVS GERMANICVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI NERVAE FILIVS NERVA TRAIANVS GERMANICVS AVGVSTVS 98: Pater Patriae; 102: Dacicus; 114: Parthicus; Aug/Sep 114: Optimus
11 August 117 to 10 July 138 Hadrian
Italica, Hispania Baetica (?) / Rome (?)		 PVBLIVS AELIVS HADRIANVS

PVBLIVS AELIVS TRAIANVS HADRIANVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS  
10 July 138 to 7 March 161 Antoninus Pius
near Lanuvium, Italia		 TITVS AVRELIVS FVLVVS BOIONIVS ARRIVS ANTONINVS

IMPERATOR TITVS AELIVS CAESAR ANTONINVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR TITVS AELIVS HADRIANVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS post7 March 161: Pius; 139: Pater Patriae
143 Acclaimed emperor a second time
7 March 161 to 17 March 180 Marcus Aurelius
Rome (?) / Ucubi, Hispania Baetica (?)		 MARCVS ANNIVS VERVS
AVRELIVS CAESAR AVGVSTI PII FILIVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS co-emperor with Lucius Verus to March 169; 164: Armeniacus Medicus Parthicus Maximus; 166: Pater Patriae; 172: Germanicus; 175: Sarmaticus
7 March 161 to March 169 Lucius Verus
Rome		 LVCIVS CEIONIVS COMMODVS

LVCIVS AELIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS VERVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius164: Armeniacus; 165: Parthicus Maximus; 166: Medicus, Pater Patriae
175 Avidius Cassius
Cyrrhus, Syria		 GAIVS AVIDIVS CASSIVS   Usurper; proclaimed emperor: ruled in Egypt and Syria; murdered by a centurion
177 to 31 December 192 Commodus
Lanuvium, Italia		 LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS

LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS CAESAR ANTONINVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAE Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius to 17 March 180;
from 180 IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE Sole emperor. Murdered: strangled by a wrestler

Severan dynasty

Main article: Severan dynasty family tree
Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
1 January 193 to 28 March 193 Pertinax
Alba, Italia		 PVBLIVS HELVIVS PERTINAX IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS HELVIVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS recognized as emperor by Septimius Severus; murdered by soldiers on the Palatine
28 March 193 to 1 June 193 Didius Julianus
Milan, Italia		 MARCVS DIDIVS SEVERVS IVLIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS DIDIVS SEVERVS IVLIANVS AVGVSTVS Sentenced to death by the Senate; murdered on the Palatine
9 April 193 to 4 February 211 Septimius Severus
Leptis Magna, Africa		 LVCIVS SEPTIMIVS SEVERVS IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS SEPTIMVS SEVERVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS PROCONSVL 9 June 193: Pontifex Maximus; late193: Pater Patriae; 195: Divi Marci Pii filius Divi Commodi Frater; Pius; Arabicus, Adiabenicus; 198: Parthicus Maximus; 209/210: Britannicus Maximus; Dies in York, 211.
193 to 194/195 Pescennius Niger
?, Italia		 GAIVS PESCENNIVS NIGER   Claimant: emperor in Syria
193/195 to 197 Clodius Albinus
?, Africa		 DECIMVS CLODIVS SEPTIMIVS ALBINVS   Claimant: emperor in Britain
198 to 4 April 217 Caracalla
Lugdunum, Gallia Lugdunensis		 LVCIVS SEPTIMIVS BASSIANVS
CARACALLA		 IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS SEVERVS ANTONINVS PIVS AVGVSTVS 199: Pater Patriae; 200: Pius Felix; 209/210: Britannicus Maximus
4 February 211 to 8 February 217 IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAE BRITANNICVS MAXIMVS PROCONSVL 213: Germanicus Maximus;
Murdered by Macrinus
209 to 4 February 211 Geta
Rome		 PVBLIVS SEPTIMVS GETA   Murdered by Caracalla
4 February 211 to December 211 IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS SEPTIMIVS GETA AVGVSTVS
11 April 217 to June 218 Macrinus
Iol Caesarea, Mauretania		 MARCVS OPELLIVS MACRINVS IMPERATOR MARCVS OPELLIVS SEVERVS MACRINVS AVGVSTVS PIVS FELIX PROCONSVL ?June 217: Pater Patriae; Pontifex Maximus;
Executed
May 217 to June 218 Diadumenian
?		 MARCVS OPELLIVS DIADVMENIANVS IMPERATOR MARCVS OPELLIVS ANTONINVS DIADVMENIANVS CAESAR SEVERVS Executed
June 218 to 222 Elagabalus
Emesa, Syria		 VARIVS AVITVS BASSIANVS

MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS
ELAGABALVS		 IMPERATOR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS PROCONSVL July 218: Pater Patriae, Pontifex Maximus; 220: Sacerdos Amplissimus Dei Invicti Solis Elagabali
Assassinated
13 March 222 to ?March 235 Alexander Severus
Arca Caesarea, Iudaea		 BASSIANVS ALEXIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS SEVERVS ALEXANDER PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Pontifex Maximus
Assassinated

Crisis of the Third Century

Emperors during the height of the Crisis

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
February/March 235 to March/April 238 Maximinus Thrax
Serbia- Thrace or Moesia		 GAIVS IVLIVS VERVS MAXIMINVS THRAX IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS JVLIVS VERVS MAXIMINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by troops
early January/March 238 to late January/April 238 Gordian I
possibly Phrygia		 MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS SEMPRONIANVS AFRICANVS Committed suicide
early January March 238 to late January/April 238 Gordian II
?		 MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS SEMPRONIANVS AFRICANVS Killed in battle
early February 238 to early May 238 Pupienus Maximus
?		 MARCVS CLODIVS PVPIENVS MAXIMVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CLODIVS PVPIENVS MAXIMVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by the Praetorians
early February 238 to early May 238 Balbinus
?		 DECIMVS CAELIVS ANTONIVS BALBINVS

DECIMVS CAELIVS CALVINVS BALBINVS		   Murdered by the Praetorians
May 238 to February 244 Gordian III
Rome		 MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS

MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS PIVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Unknown; possibly murdered
240 Sabinianus
?		     Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated in battle
February 244 to September/October 249 Philip the Arab
Shahba, Syria		 MARCVS IVLIVS PHILLIPVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS IVLIVS PHILLIPVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Killed in battle by Decius
248 Pacatianus
?		 TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS MARINVS PACATIANVS   Proclaimed himself emperor; murdered by his own soldiers
248 Iotapianus
some place at Near East		 MARCVS FVLVIVS RVFVS IOTAPIANVS   Claimant; killed by his own soldiers
248 Silbannacus
?		     Usurper ; death unknown
249 to June 251 Decius
Budalia, Lower Pannonia		 GAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS DECIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS DECIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Killed in battle
249 to 252 Priscus
possibly Damascus, Syria		 GAIVS IVLIVS PRISCVS   Proclaimed himself emperor in the Eastern provinces ; murdered
250 Licinianus
?		 IVLIVS VALENS LICINIANVS   Claimant; murdered
early 251 to 1 July 251 Herennius Etruscus
Pannonia		 QVINTVS HERENNIVS ETRVSCVS MESSIVS DECIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR QVINTVS HERENNIVS ETRVSCVS MESSIVS DECIVS AVGVSTVS Killed in battle
251 Hostilian
?		 CAIVS VALENS HOSTILIANVS MESSIVS QVINTVS IMPERATOR CAESAR CAIVS VALENS HOSTILIANVS MESSIVS QVINTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Gallus, died of the plague
June 251 to August 253 Trebonianus Gallus
Italia		 GAIVS VIBIVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VIBIVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by his own soldiers
July 251 to August 253 Volusianus
?		 GAIVS VIBIVS VOLVSIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VIBIVS AFINIVS GALLVS VELDVMNIANVS VOLVSIANVS AVGVSTVS Son and co-ruler of Trebonianus Gallus. Murdered by his own soldiers
August 253 to October 253 Aemilianus
Africa		 MARCVS AEMILIVS AEMILIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AEMILIVS AEMILIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by his own soldiers
253 to June 260 Valerian
?		 PVBLIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Gallienus; captured by Persians: died in captivity
253 to September 268 Gallienus
?		 PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS GALLIENVS IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS GALLIENVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Valerian 253 to 260; murdered
260 Saloninus
?		 PVBLIVS LICINIVS CORNELIVS SALONINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR CORNELIVS LICINIVS SALONINVS VALERIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Gallienus; murdered
258 or June 260 Ingenuus
?		     Proclaimed himself emperor; killed in battle
260 Regalianus
?		 PVBLIVS C[AIVS] REGALIANVS   Proclaimed emperor; killed by his own people
260 to 261 Macrianus Major
?		 FVLVIVS MACRIANVS   Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle
260 to 261 Macrianus Minor
?		 TITVS FVLVIVS IVNIVS MACRIANVS   Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle
260 to 261 Quietus
?		 TITVS FVLVIVS IVNIVS QVIETVS   Claimant; murdered
261 to 261 or 262 Mussius Aemilianus
?		 LVCIVS MVSSIVS AEMILIANVS   Proclaimed emperor; strangled while being held captive
268 to 268 Aureolus
?		 MANIVS ACILIVS AVREOLVS   Proclaimed himself emperor; surrendered to Claudius II Gothicus; killed by Praetorian Guard

Gallic Empire (260-274)

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
260 to 269 Postumus
Gaul		 MARCVS CASSIANIVS LATINIVS POSTVMVS Postumus|IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CASSIANVS LATINIVS POSTVMVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered
269 Laelianus
possibly Hispania		 VLPIVS CORNELIVS LAELIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VLPIVS CORNELIVS LAELIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Proclaimed himself emperor of the Gallic Empire
269 Marius
?		 MARCVS AVRELIVS MARIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS MARIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered
269 to 271 Victorinus
?		 MARCVS PIAVONIVS VICTORINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS PIAVONIVS VICTORINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered
270 to 271 Domitianus
?		   IMPERATOR CAESAR DOMITIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Proclaimed emperor of the Gallic Empire
271 to 274 Tetricus I
?		 CAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS TETRICVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS TETRICVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS  

Illyrian Emperors

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
268 to August 270 Claudius II Gothicus
Sirmium, Pannonia or Dardania, Moesia		 MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS CLAVDIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Died of plague
August 270 to September 270 Quintillus
Serbia - Sirmium, Pannonia or Dardania, Moesia		 MARCVS AVRELIVS QVINTILLVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS QVINTILLVS INVICTVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Briefly Co-emperor with Aurelian; committed suicide
August 270 to 275 Aurelian
Dacia or possibly Sirmium, Pannonia		 LVCIVS DOMITIVS AVRELIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS DOMITIVS AVRELIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by the Praetorian Guard
271 Septimius
?		     Proclaimed emperor in Dalmatia; killed by his own soldiers
November/December 275 to July 276 Tacitus
Interamna, Italia		 MARCVS CLAVDIVS TACITVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CLAVDIVS TACITVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered
July 276 to September 276 Florianus
?		 MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS PIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Murdered
July 276 to late September 282 Probus
Sirmium, Pannonia		 MARCVS AVRELIVS EQVITIVS PROBVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS PROBVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Murdered by his own soldiers
280 Saturninus
Gaul		 IVLIVS SATVRNINVS   Claimant: forced by his soldiers; proclaimed himself emperor; killed by his soldiers
280 Proculus
Albingaunum, Italia		     Claimant: acceding to the request of the people of Lugdunum; killed by Probus
280 Bonosus
Hispania		 GALLVS QVINTVS BONOSVS   Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated by Probus and committed suicide
September 282 to July/August 283 Carus
probably Narbo, Gaul		 MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS CARVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Uncertain cause of death; disease, lightning injury, a wound received in battle against the Huns and murder by the Praetorian Guard have all been suggested
spring 283 to summer 285 Carinus
?		 MARCVS AVRELIVS CARINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Numerian; Murdered
July/August 283 to November 284 Numerian
?		 MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS NVMERIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Carinus

Dominate

Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
20 November 284 to 1 May 305 Diocletian
Dioclea, Dalmatia		 DIOCLES
(full name not known)

GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS DIOCLETIANVS IOVIVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS DIOCLETIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE PROCONSVL Co-emperor with Maximian; 285: Germanicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus; 286: Iovius; 287: Germanicus Maximus; 295: Persicus Maximus; 297: Britannicus Maximus, Carpicus Maximus; 298: Armenicus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus
Abdicated
1 April 286 to 1 May 305 Maximian
Serbia - near Sirmium, Pannonia		 MAXIMIANVS
(full name not known)

MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS HERCVLIVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS co-emperor with Diocletian; 286: Germanicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus; 287: Iovius; 288: Germanicus Maximus; 294: Persicus Maximus; 298: Britannicus Maximus, Carpicus Maximus; 299: Armenicus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus;
Forced to abdicate
1 May 305 to 25 July 306 Constantius I Chlorus
Serbia- Dardania, Moesia		 FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTIVS

CHLORVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS   Dies in York, 306.
1 May 305 to May 311 Galerius
Serbia -near Serdica, Dacia Aureliana		 CAIVS GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS co-emperor with Severus II; Dies of terrible illness
August 306 to 16 September 307 Severus II
?		 FLAVIVS VALERIVS SEVERVS IMPERATOR SEVERVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS co-emperor with Galerius; Murdered or forced to commit suicide in captivity
28 October 306 to 28 October 312 Maxentius
?		 MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXENTIVS MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXENTIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Dies in battle by drowning in the Tiber
307 to 308 Maximian
near Sirmium, Pannonia		 MAXIMIANVS
(full name not known)

MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS HERCVLIVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS HERCVLIVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS SARMATICVS MAXIMVS IOVIVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS PERSICVS MAXIMVS BRITANNICVS MAXIMVS CARPICVS MAXIMVS ARMENICVS MAXIMVS MEDICVS MAXIMVS ADIABENICVS MAXIMVS Abdicated; Forced to commit suicide
307 to 22 May 337 Constantine I
Serbia - Naissus, Moesia Superior		 GAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE PROCONSVL 307: Germanicus Maximus; 312: Maximus; 323: Sarmaticus Maximus; 324: Victor substituting Invictus; 328: Gothicus Maximus; 336:Dacicus Maximus
308 Domitius Alexander
probably Phrygia		 LVCIVS DOMITIVS ALEXANDER   Proclaimed himself emperor; Executed
11 November 308 to 18 September 324 Licinius
Serbia - Moesia Superior		 VALERIVS LICINIANVS LICINIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VALERIVS LICINIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; abdicated; (executed early 325)
1 May 310 to July/August 313 Maximinus Daia
Dacia Aureliana		 DAIA

MAXIMINVS GAIVS GALERIVS VALERIVS		 IMPERATOR CAESAR GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMINVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; committed suicide
December 316 to 1 March 317 Valerius Valens
?		 AVRELIVS VALERIVS VALENS IMPERATOR CAESAR AVRELIVS VALERIVS VALENS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Licinius; executed by Constantine I
July to 18 September 324 Martinianus
?		 SEXTVS MARCIVS MARTINIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR SEXTVS MARCIVS MARTINIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor with Licinius; executed early 325
337 to 340 Constantine II
Arles, Gaul		 FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS CONSTANTINVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTINVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; killed in battle
337 to 361 Constantius II
Sirmium, Pannonia		 FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANTIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; Dies of illness
337 to 350 Constans
?		 FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANS Constans|IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANS AVGVSTVS Co-emperor; killed by Magnentius
January 350 to 11 August 353 Magnentius
Samarobriva, Gaul		 FLAVIVS MAGNVS MAGNENTIVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS MAGNVS MAGENTIVS AVGVSTVS Usurper; committed suicide
c. 350 Vetranio
?		 not known   Proclaimed himself emperor against Magnentius, recognized by Constantius II.
c. 350 Nepotianus
?		     Proclaimed himself emperor against Magnentius.
November 361 to June 363 Julian
Constantinople, Thracia		 FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS IVLIANVS Julian the Apostate|IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS IVLIANVS AVGVSTVS Mystery surrounds his death. During a skirmish with the Sassanids he is wounded by a javelin. Whether the missile was from the enemy or a christian soldier in his army have both been attested. Regardless he died of his wound soon after.
363 to 17 February 364 Jovian
Serbia - Singidunum, Moesia		 FLAVIVS IOVIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IOVIANVS AVGVSTVS Died accidentally, suffocated in his sleep

Britannic Empire (286-297)

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
286 to 293 Carausius
Gallia Belgica		 MARCVS AVRELIVS MAVSAEVS IMPERATOR CAESAR CARAVSIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS  
293 to 297 Allectus
?		 not known IMPERATOR CAESAR ALLECTVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS  

Valentinian dynasty

Reign Common name & Birthplace Portrait Personal name & Title
at birth/
on eve of accession		 Imperial name Notes
26 February 364 to 17 November 375 Valentinian I
Cibalae, Pannonia		 FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Emperor in the west.
28 March 364 to 9 August 378 Valens
Cibalae, Pannonia		 FLAVIVS IVLIVS VALENS IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS VALENS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS Emperor in the east. Killed in battle
September 365