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List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by seat
In order to become a Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States , an individual must be nominated by the President of the United States and approved by the U.S. Senate , with at least half of that body approving in the affirmative. Generally, a justice's qualifications are judged by the President and, most visibly, by a Senate hearing. There is no definitive qualification of age or experience that is a standard to be met; instead, there is a much more subjective process taken by the Senate, occasionally resulting in a sometimes controversial defeat of judicial nominees .
Seats There have been a total of eleven seats: one Chief Justiceship and ten Associate Justiceships. Two of the Associate Justiceships were abolished, leaving the nine-seat Court of today.
The Associate Justiceships are numbered in order of their creation. If seats were established simultaneously, they are numbered in the order in which they were filled.
The Judicial Circuits Act of July 23 , 1866 [14 Stat. 209] provided that each Associate Justiceship would be abolished as it became vacant until only six Associate Justiceships would remain. Since there were nine Associate Justiceships when the Act was passed, three were to be abolished:
Seat 7 was vacant when the Judicial Circuits Act passed, and hence was abolished on July 23 , 1866 . John Catron was both the first and last occupant of this seat.
Seat 5 was abolished upon the death of James Moore Wayne on July 5 , 1867 .
The Circuit Judges Act of 1869 [see 16 Stat. 44] superseded the Judicial Circuits Act before a third seat could be abolished.
Chief Justice
The seat of Chief Justice was established by the Constitution and organized on September 24 , 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73].
Jay October 19 , 1789 –June 29 , 1795
J. Rutledge July 1 , 1795 –December 15 , 1795
Ellsworth March 8 , 1796 –December 15 , 1800
J. Marshall February 4 , 1801 –July 6 , 1835
Taney March 28 , 1836 –October 12 , 1864
S.P. Chase December 15 , 1864 –May 7 , 1873
Waite March 4 , 1874 –March 23 , 1888
Fuller October 8 , 1888 –July 4 , 1910
E. White December 19 , 1910 –May 19 , 1921
Taft July 11 , 1921 –February 3 , 1930
Hughes February 24 , 1930 –June 30 , 1941
Stone July 3 , 1941 –April 22 , 1946
Vinson June 24 , 1946 –September 8 , 1953
Warren October 5 , 1953 –June 23 , 1969
Burger June 23 , 1969 –September 26 , 1986
Rehnquist September 26 , 1986 –September 3 , 2005
J. Roberts September 29 , 2005 –
Associate Justice (Seat 1)
This seat was established on September 24 , 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73].
Wilson October 5 , 1789 –August 21 , 1798
Washington February 4 , 1799 –November 26 , 1829
Baldwin January 18 , 1830 –April 21 , 1844
Grier August 10 , 1846 –January 31 , 1870
Strong March 14 , 1870 –December 14 , 1880
Woods January 5 , 1881 –May 14 , 1887
L. Lamar January 18 , 1888 –January 23 , 1893
H. Jackson March 4 , 1893 –August 8 , 1895
Peckham January 6 , 1896 –October 24 , 1909
Lurton January 3 , 1910 –July 12 , 1914
McReynolds October 12 , 1914 –January 31 , 1941
Byrnes July 8 , 1941 –October 3 , 1942
W. Rutledge February 15 , 1943 –September 10 , 1949
Minton October 12 , 1949 –October 15 , 1956
Brennan October 16 , 1956 –July 20 , 1990
Souter October 9 , 1990 –
Associate Justice (Seat 2)
This seat was established on September 24 , 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73].
Cushing February 2 , 1790 –September 13 , 1810
Story February 3 , 1812 –September 10 , 1845
Woodbury September 23 , 1845 –September 4 , 1851
Curtis October 10 , 1851 –September 30 , 1857
Clifford January 21 , 1858 –July 25 , 1881
Gray January 9 , 1882 –September 15 , 1902
Holmes December 8 , 1902 –January 12 , 1932
Cardozo March 14 , 1932 –July 9 , 1938
Frankfurter January 30 , 1939 –August 28 , 1962
Goldberg October 1 , 1962 –July 25 , 1965
Fortas October 4 , 1965 –May 14 , 1969
Blackmun June 9 , 1970 –August 3 , 1994
Breyer August 3 , 1994 –
Associate Justice (Seat 3)
This seat was established on September 24 , 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73].
Blair February 2 , 1790 –October 25 , 1795
S. Chase February 4 , 1796 –June 19 , 1811
Duvall November 23 , 1811 –January 14 , 1835
Barbour May 12 , 1836 –February 25 , 1841
Daniel January 10 , 1842 –May 31 , 1860
Miller July 21 , 1862 –October 13 , 1890
Brown January 5 , 1891 –May 28 , 1906
Moody December 17 , 1906 –November 20 , 1910
J. Lamar January 3 , 1911 –January 2 , 1916
Brandeis June 5 , 1916 –February 13 , 1939
Douglas April 17 , 1939 –November 12 , 1975
Stevens December 19 , 1975 –
Associate Justice (Seat 4)
This seat was established on September 24 , 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73].
J. Rutledge February 15 , 1790 –March 5 , 1791
T. Johnson August 6 , 1792 –January 16 , 1793
Paterson March 11 , 1793 –September 9 , 1806
Livingston January 20 , 1807 –March 18 , 1823
Thompson September 1 , 1823 –December 18 , 1843
Nelson February 27 , 1845 –November 28 , 1872
Hunt January 9 , 1873 –January 27 , 1882
Blatchford April 3 , 1882 –July 7 , 1893
White March 12 , 1894 –December 18 , 1910
Van Devanter January 3 , 1911 –June 2 , 1937
Black August 19 , 1937 –September 17 , 1971
Powell January 7 , 1972 –June 26 , 1987
Kennedy February 18 , 1988 –
Associate Justice (Seat 6)
This seat was established on February 24 , 1807 by the Seventh Circuit Act [see 2 Stat. 420].
Todd May 4 , 1807 –February 7 , 1826
Trimble June 16 , 1826 –August 25 , 1828
McLean January 11 , 1830 –April 4 , 1861
Swayne January 27 , 1862 –January 24 , 1881
Matthews May 17 , 1881 –March 22 , 1889
Brewer January 6 , 1890 –March 28 , 1910
Hughes October 10 , 1910 –June 10 , 1916
Clarke October 9 , 1916 –September 18 , 1922
Sutherland October 2 , 1922 –January 17 , 1938
Reed January 31 , 1938 –February 25 , 1957
Whittaker March 25 , 1957 –March 31 , 1962
White April 16 , 1962 –June 28 , 1993
Ginsburg August 10 , 1993 –
Associate Justice (Seat 8)
This seat was established on March 3 , 1837 by the Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act [see 5 Stat. 176].
McKinley January 9 , 1838 –July 19 , 1852
Campbell April 11 , 1853 –April 30 , 1861
Davis December 10 , 1862 –March 4 , 1877
Harlan (I) December 10 , 1877 –October 14 , 1911
Pitney March 18 , 1912 –December 31 , 1922
Sanford February 19 , 1923 –March 8 , 1930
O. Roberts June 2 , 1930 –July 31 , 1945
Burton October 1 , 1945 –October 13 , 1958
Stewart October 14 , 1958 –July 3 , 1981
O'Connor September 25 , 1981 –January 31 , 2006
Alito January 31 , 2006 –
Associate Justice (Seat 9)
This seat was established on March 3 , 1863 by the Tenth Circuit Act [see 12 Stat. 794].
Field May 20 , 1863 –December 1 , 1897
McKenna January 26 , 1898 –January 5 , 1925
Stone March 2 , 1925 –July 2 , 1941
R. Jackson July 11 , 1941 –October 9 , 1954
Harlan (II) March 28 , 1955 –September 23 , 1971
Rehnquist January 7 , 1972 –September 26 , 1986
Scalia September 26 , 1986 –
Associate Justice (Seat 10)
This seat was established on April 10 , 1869 by the Circuit Judges Act of 1869 [see 16 Stat. 44].
Bradley March 23 , 1870 –January 22 , 1892
Shiras October 10 , 1892 –February 23 , 1903
Day March 2 , 1903 –November 13 , 1922
Butler January 2 , 1923 –November 16 , 1939
Murphy February 5 , 1940 –July 19 , 1949
Clark August 24 , 1949 –June 12 , 1967
T. Marshall October 2 , 1967 –October 1 , 1991
Thomas October 23 , 1991 –
See also
References
External links
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