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This article is about Iranian scientists of the classical era. For Iranian scientists of the modern era, see List of contemporary Iranian scientists, scholars, and engineers.
Classical (pre-modern) Era
The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists and engineers that lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age.
By "Iranian", all the peoples of historic Persia are meant, i.e. what is today Iran, Afghanistan, and all the countries of Central Asia ("common modern definition") that were historically part of the Persian empire and populated by Iranian tribes with Iranian or Persianate culture.
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
- Abdol-Hamid, founder of Arabic prose along with the fellow Persian Ibn Muqaffa.
- Abdulrahman, Sheikh Muhammad, physician.
- Amiri-simkooei, Alireza, Geodesist, university of Isfahan
- Abhari, mathematician.
- Abu Nasr e Mansur, mathematician.
- Abu Wafa Buzjani, mathematician.
- Azod al-Dowleh, prominent scientific patron
- Ahmad ibn Farrokh, physician.
- Ahmad Ibn Imad ul-din, physician and chemist.
- Ala'eddin, constructed the Counterweight Trebuchet for Kubilai. He was thus honoured in the official history of China's Yuan Dynasty. (p119)
- Alavi Shirazi, royal physician to India.
- Al-Ghazali
- Alhazen, or Ebne Heisam in Persian.
- Al-Qumri, a Persian physician.
- Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud, physician.
- An Shihkao
- Aqa-Kermani, physician.
- Aqsara'i, physician.
- Arzani, Muqim, physician.
- Astarabadi, physician.
- Aufi, Muhammad, scientist and historian
- Avicenna (Ibn Sina), physician, philosopher
- Azophi, a.k.a. Abdorrahman Sufi, astronomer from Ray that invented the meridian ring.
- Yousefi, Mohammad[1], Analytical Chemist,Gas conversion department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute[2], Tehran, IRAN
B
- Bahai, Sheikhpoet, mathematician, and astronomer,engineer,designer,faghih(religious scientist),Architect
- Bal'ami, Samanid era scholar
- Balkhi, a.k.a. Albumasar, mathematician
- Balkhi, Ibn Sahl, geographer and mathematician
- Ibn Balkhi
- Barmak, Khaled, Bhuddist from Khorasan in the court of al-Mansur, initiated the Greek translation movement of the Abbasid House of Wisdom
- Ibn Bibi, historian of the Seljuks of Rum.
- Bukhtishu, Persian Christian physicians of Academy of Gundishapur
- Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn, physician
- Bukhtishu, Gabriel ibn, physician
- Bukhtishu, Yuhanna, physician
- Burzoe, a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur
- Birjandi astronomer and mathematician 16th century
- Biruni, astronomer and mathematician
E
- Esfarayeni, physician
F
- Farabi, (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher
- Farghani, a.k.a. Alfraganus, astronomer
- Farsi, mathematician
- Fazari, Ibrahim
- Fazari, Mohammad
G
- Geber; Jaber ibn Hayan, chemist
- Gardezi, Abu Said, geographer and historian
- Ghazzali (Algazel), philosopher
- Gilani, Hakim, royal physician
- Gorgani, Zayn al-Din Isma‘il ibn, royal physician
- Gorgani, Abu Saeed, astronomer and mathematician
- Gorgani, Rustam, physician
- Gorgani e Masihi, see Masihi Gorgani, Avicenn'a master
H
- Hajji Zayn al-Attar, physician
- Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician
- Mohammad Reza Hafeznia, Political Geographer & Geopolitician
- Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi, physician
- Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan, physician
- Hallaj, Mystic-philosopher
- Haly Abbas, prominent physician
- Hamadani, Rashid al-Din, historian
- Hamadani, Ali, physician
- Mahmoud Behzad, The father of Persian modern biology science
- Harawi, Abolfadl, astronomer of Buyid dynasty
- Harawi, Muwaffak: See Al-Muwaffak, pharmacologist
- Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf, physician
- Hasani, Qavameddin, physician
- Hayyan, Jabir ibn, one of the most notable Islamic chemists
- Hessaby, Mahmoud Mahmoud Hessaby, physician
I
- Ibn Abi Sadiq, "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple
- Ibn Haytham, physicist
- Ibn Khaseb, physician
- Ibn Khordadbeh, geographer
- Ibn Rustah
- Ilaqi, Yusef, Avicenna's pupil
- Ilyas, Yusef ibn, physician
- Isfahani Abol-fath, mathematician
- Ibn Sina, (Avicenna), Philosopher and Physician
- Isfahani, Jalaleddin, physician
- Isfahani, Husayn, physician
- Istakhri, geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills
J
- Jaghmini, physician
- Jaldaki, physician
- Jarrah vizier from Khorasan
- Juvayni, historian
- Juzjani, Abu Ubaid, physician
- Jamasb, philosopher
K
- Karaji, mathematician
- Kashani (Kashi), mathematician
- Kazerouni, Masoud, physician
- Kermani, Iwad, physician
- Khajeh-Noori, Abbas Gholi, Father of Statistics in Iran
- Khazeni, Abu Jafar, mathematician
- Khazeni, Abolfath, physicist
- Khayyám, Omar, poet, mathematician, and astronomer
- Khorasani, Sultan Ali, physician
- Khujandi, mathematician and astronomer
- Kiamehr, Ramin, Geodesist
- Khwarizmi (aka Al-Khwarazmi) creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
- Kushyar ibn Labban, mathematician, Nasavi's master
- Kuhi, Rostam, mathematician
- Kubra, Najmeddin
M
- Mahani, mathematician
- Mohammad, Baqer Al-Majlisi, historian, theologian, jurist and expert in narrative sciences
- Muhammad Baqir Yazdi In the 17th century, He gave the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056.
- Majusi, Ibn Abbas, physician
- Marvazi, astronomer and mathematician
- Marvazi, Abu Taher, philosopher
- Masawaiyh or Masuya
- Mashallah, of Jewish origins, from Khorasan who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad
- Masihi Gorgani, Avicenna's master
- Mirza Ali Hakim, physician
- Miskawayh, philosopher
- Mostowfi Qazvini, geographer
- Mozaffar ibn Ismail of Herat, physicist and original author of Khazeni's Balance of Wisdom
- Mullasadra, philosopher
- Muqaffa, Ibn, founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid.
- bin Musa, Hasan, astronomer
- bin Musa, Ahmad, astronomer
- bin Musa, Muhammad, astronomer
- Muwaffaq, Abu mansur, pharmacologist
N
- Nagawri, physician
- Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar
- Nahavandi, Ahmad, astronomer
- Nakhshabi, physician
- Nasavi, mathematician
- Natili Tabari, physician
- Naubakht, Zoroastrian designer of the city of Baghdad
- Naubakht, Fadhl ibn
- Nayrizi, mathematician
- Naqshband, Baha ud-Din, philosopher
- Neishaburi, physician
- Nurbakhshi, physician
P
- Paul the Persian, philosopher
Q
- Qazi Zadeh, prominent Turkish born mathematician
- Qazwini, Zakariya, physician.
R
- Razi, Amin, geographer
- Razi, Fakhreddin, philosopher
- Razi, Zakariya (Rhazes), chemist and physicist
- Razi, Najmeddin
- Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad
- Rashid al-Din, Physician and politician
S
- Ardeshir Sepahsalar, philosopher.
- Saghani Ostorlabi, astronomer.
- Sahl, Fadl ibn
- Sahl, Shapur ibn, physician.
- Samarqandi, Najibeddin, physician.
- Samarqandi, Ashraf, mathematician, astronomer.
- Sarakhsi, Ahmad tayyeb, Famous physician of Academy of Gundishapur d900.[[Media:{| class="wikitable"
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- Shahrazuri, philosopher and physician.
- Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud, physician.
- Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani, physician.
- Shirazi, Qutbeddin, astronomer.
- Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas, physician.
- Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas, physician.
- Shirazi, Qurayshi, physician.
- Sijzi, mathematician.
- Sijzi, Mas'ud, physician.
- Soleiman ibn Hasan, physician.
- Sufi, Abdol-rahman: see Azophi.
- Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din , philosopher.
T
- Tabari, prominent historian.
- Tabari, Natili: See Al-Natili
- Tabari, Abul Hasan, physician.
- Tabari, Ibn Sahl, Jewish convert physician. Master of Rhazes.
- Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali, physician.
- Tahir, Abdollah ibn. A medieval governor of Khorasan. Wrote Kitab al-Quniy, discussing irrigation techniques.
- Tāriq, Yaqub ibn
- Tunakabuni, physician.
- Tughra'i, physician.
- Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk, the great vizier.
- Tusi, Nasireddin, mathematician, philosopher.
- Tusi, Muhammad ibn Mahmud ibn Ahmad, author of the famous 12th century Ajayib al-Makhluqat (عجایب المخلوقات).
- Tusi, Sharafeddin, mathematician.
U
- Ulugh Beg, Timurid era astronomer.
- Urdi, Mo'ayyeduddin, astronomer who made modifications to Ptolemy's model to account for discrepancies in observations.
V
- Vatvat, scholar and physician.
Y
- Yazdad, Ibn was a learned Persian vizier from Merv, Khorasan, of the Abbasid dynasty.
- Yumn, Nazif ibn
- Yousefi, Mohammad[3], Analytical Chemist,Gas conversion department,Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute[4]Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, IRAN.
Z
- Zaiyat, Ibn was a learned Persian vizier from Gilan, of the Abbasid dynasty.
- Zamakhshari, scholar and geographer.
- Zarrin dast, oculist.
Notes
- Meyerhof, Casey Wood, and Hirschberg also have recorded the names of at least 80 oculists who contributed treatises on ophthalmic subjects from the beginning of 800 CE to the full flowering of Muslim medical literature in 1300 CE, and whose names have not all appeared here.
See also
- Islamic scholars
- List of Muslim scientists
- List of Arab scientists and scholars
- Modern Iranian scientists and engineers
- Nizamiyyah
- Academy of Gundishapur
- List of universities in Iran
- Darolfonoon
- Higher education in Iran
- Ophthalmology in medieval Islam
- Astronomy in Islam
