Kingdom of Bohemia
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České království (cs) Königreich Böhmen (de) Regnum Bohemiae (la) Kingdom of Bohemia State of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial elector (1356–1806), then Kronland of Cisleithanian Austria ← 1212 – 1918 → Flag Coat of arms Bohemia proper (number 1), Moravia (9) and Austrian Silesia (11) within Austria-Hungary Capital Prague Religion Roman Catholic Hussite Lutheranism Government Monarchy King  - 1198–1230 Otakar I Přemysl (first)  - 1916–1918 Karel III Habsburg-Lorraine (last) History  - Vratislav II Přemysl first titular King of Bohemia 1085  - Kingdom established 26 September 1212  - King Jan Lucemburský (John of Luxemburg) 31 August 1310  - Karel IV Lucemburský Holy Roman Emperor 5 April 1355  - Electorate established 25 December 1356  - King Ferdinand I Habsburg 16 December 1526  - Dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire 31 October 1918

The Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech: České království; German: Königreich Böhmen; Latin: Regnum Bohemiae) was a country in Central Europe formally established in 1212 by the Golden Bull of Sicily issued by the Roman king and emperor Frederick II, although some former rulers of Bohemia enjoyed a non-hereditary royal title. The Kingdom was an autonomous part of the Holy Roman Empire, later a part of the Austrian Empire and was dissolved in 1918 with the fall of Austria-Hungary when the last king of Bohemia Charles III abdicated. The national assembly then deposed the Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty and proclaimed the Czechoslovak republic.

The Lands of the Bohemian Crown comprised:

• The Duchy of Bohemia established about 870 under Bořivoj I of the Přemyslid dynasty.
• The March of Moravia, acquired after the 955 Battle of Lechfeld, lost in 999 to Bolesław I of Poland and reconquered by Bretislav I in 1019/1029 (uncertain dating).
• Upper Lusatia, incorporated by Jan Lucemburský in 1319 (Bautzen) and 1329 (Görlitz) and Lower Lusatia (Margraviate of Lusatia), acquired by Karel IV from Otto V, Duke of Bavaria in 1367. Ferdinand II lost Lusatia to the Electorate of Saxony with the 1635 Peace of Prague.
• The Duchies of Silesia, acquired by the 1335 Treaty of Trencsén between Jan Lucemburský and King Casimir III of Poland. Maria Theresa lost Silesia in 1742 to King Frederick II of Prussia, with the exception of Austrian Silesia.
• The northern part of the Upper Palatinate, incorporated by Karel IV in 1355. Karel's son Václav lost the Upper Palatinate in 1400 to King Rupert of Germany.
• The Margraviate of Brandenburg, acquired by Karel IV from Duke Otto V of Bavaria in 1373. Karel's son Zikmund lost Brandenburg in 1415 to Frederick of Hohenzollern.

During the reign of the last Přemyslids and the succeeding House of Luxembourg, especially after the accession of Emperor Karel IV 1346 - 1378 and the issue of the Golden Bull of 1356, the Bohemian Kingdom was the most powerful state of the Holy Roman Empire. Thus the Lands of the Bohemian Crown were not part of the Imperial Circles as established by the 1500 Imperial Reform.

The current Czech Republic still uses symbols of the Bohemian Kingdom: a two-tailed lion in its coat-of-arms, the royal castle as the president's office, the Crown of Saint Wenceslas and other crown jewels.

See also

• History of the Czech lands
• List of rulers of Bohemia

References

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v • d • e Members of the Electoral College of the Holy Roman Empire following the Golden Bull of 1356     Spiritual Archbishopric of Mainz Archbishopric of Trier Archbishopric of Cologne Secular Kingdom of Bohemia Palatine / Rhine Duchy of Saxony Margraviate of Brandenburg Added in the 17th century 1623 Duchy of Bavaria 1692 Duchy of Hanover Added from 1803–06 Principality of Regensburg Grand Duchy of Salzburg (1803–05) Grand Duchy of Würzburg (1805–06) Duchy of Württemberg Margraviate of Baden Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel

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