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Pre-independence
On July 4, 1927, Sukarno, a young engineer at the time, and members of the Bandung Study Club formed a movement called the Indonesian National Association. In May 1928, the name was changed to the Indonesian National Party. The organization's aim was economic and political independence for the Indonesian archipelago. This would be achieved by non-cooperation with the Dutch colonial regime. By the the end of 1929, the organization had 10,000 members. This alarmed the authorities, and Sukarno and seven party leaders were arrestedin December 1929. They were put on trail for being a threat to public order and in September 1930 received sentences of one to three years - Sukarno received the longest sentence. Without its leader, the party was paralyzed and dissolved itself in 1931[1][2].
Post-independence
Following the Indonesian Declaration of Independence in August 1945, on the same day as the the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) was established, August 22, the Indonesian National Party was established as a state party. However, it was dissolved n September 1 as it was deemed unnecessary[3].
In January 1946, the Indonesian National Party was revived, but this time without Sukarno, who as president, was above politics[4]. The party attracted considerable support due to its having the same name as Sukarno's original party as well as the short-lived party of August 1945[5]. The party had many key governmental posts from 1945 on and won the largest share of votes in the first Indonesian general election in 1955. The party programme embraced above all nationalism; it also favoured a strong centralized government and secularism [6].
The PNI faded away with the fall of Sukarno, first President of the Republic of Indonesia in 1966. The Golkar, political party established by General Suharto dominated the Indonesian politics until the fall of Suharto's regime in 1998.
References
- Gosnell, Harold F. (1958) Indonesians Go to the Polls: The Parties and their Stand on Constitutional Issues in Midwest Journal of Political Science
- Kahin, George McTurnan (1970), Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Cornell University Press, ISBN 0-8014-9108-8
- Ricklefs, M.C. (1982), A History of Modern Indonesia, Macmillan Southeast Asian reprint, ISBN 0-333-24380-3
Notes
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