After the war he established a new Christian Social Party, now operating - the empire having been lost - in Austria alone. He served as AustrianChancellor from 1922 until 1924 and again between 1926 and 1929. His main policy was the encouragement of cooperation between wealthy industrialists and the paramilitary units of the Heimwehr. This led to an increase in street violence, culminating in the so-called Massacre of July 15, 1927.
