For Wikipedia references, please do not use "ibid" or similar shorthand. See this style guide for help citing a footnote more than once on Wikipedia.
Ibid. (Latin, short for ibidem, "the same place") is the term used to provide an endnote or footnotecitation or reference for a source that was cited in the preceding endnote or footnote. It is similar in meaning to idem (meaning something that has been mentioned previously; the same) abbreviated "Id.," which is commonly used in legal citation.[1]
To find the ibid. source, one has to look at the reference right before it, and so ibid. serves a similar purpose to ditto marks (〃, ", do.).
4. E. Vijh, Latin for dummies (New York: Academic, 1997), 23.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., at 29.
The reference in no. 5 is the same as in no. 4 (E. Vijh, "Latin for dummies" on page 23), whereas the reference in no. 6 refers to the same work but at a different location, namely page 29. Intervening entries require a reference to the original citation in the form "Ibid. <citation #>," (e.g. "8. Ibid. 4" or "8. Ibid 4, at 34")
