Hyperpituitarism

Hyperpituitarism
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Hyperpituitarism Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E 22.
ICD-9	253.1
eMedicine	ped/1092
MeSH	D006964

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Hyperpituitarism is the result of excess secretion of adenohypophyseal trophic hormones most commonly by a functional pituitary adenoma. Other causes are hyperplasias and carcinomas of the adenohypophysis, secretion by non-pituitary tumours and certain hypothalamic disorders.

Clinical manifestations

Depending on the cell type(s) affected, clinical manifestations of hormone excess may include:

Associated conditions

When there is an enlargement of the pituitary tissue, hyperpituitarism is often associated with:

Visual field defects, classically bitemporal hemianopia
Radiographic abnormalities of the sella turcica, such as sellar expansion, bony erosion and disuption of the diaphragma sellae
Increased intracranial pressure

Symptoms

Symptoms caused by hormone excess and associated mass effects include:

v • d • e

Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00-35, 240-259)

Pancreas/
glucose
metabolism

Diabetes mellitus types: (type 1, type 2, MODY), complications: (coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy)
Hypoglycemia - Hyperinsulinism - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - insulin receptor (Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome) - Insulin resistance

Hypothalamic/
pituitary axes

Pituitary	Hyperpituitarism (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH) Hypopituitarism (Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus) Adiposogenital dystrophy - Empty sella syndrome - Pituitary apoplexy - ACTH deficiency

Thyroid	Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema) Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii) Thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis) Euthyroid sick syndrome - Thyroid hormone resistance - Thyroid nodule

Parathyroid	Hypoparathyroidism (Pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Hyperparathyroidism (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)

Adrenal	Adrenocortical hyperfunction: Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) - Hypoaldosteronism

Gonads	ovarian (Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure) testicular (5-alpha-reductase deficiency, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency) general (Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty)

Other

Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Gigantism - Short stature (Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism) - Multiple endocrine neoplasia (1, 2) - Progeria - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome - thymus (Abscess of thymus, Thymus hyperplasia)

see also congenital, neoplasia

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