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| Guillaume Duchenne | |
 Guillaume-Benjamin Duchenne and assistant electrically stimulate the face of a live subject in displaying an expression
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| Born | September 17, 1806 Boulogne |
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| Died | September 15, 1875 Paris |
| Nationality | French |
| Fields | neurology |
| Known for | electro-therapeutics |
Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne (born September 17, 1806 in Boulogne; died September 15, 1875) was a French neurologist.
Duchenne was educated at Douai and studied medicine in Paris before returning to his hometown to put his profession to practice in 1831. By 1833 he had begun trying electricity as a form of treatment on fishermen, a force that he continued to experiment with throughout the course of his life, in effect making him the father of electro-therapeutics. In 1842 he returned to Paris and there spent the remained of his life working on developing his clinical techniques. Through electricity he also determined that smiles resulting from true happiness not only utilize the muscles of the mouth but also those of the eyes. Such "genuine" smiles are called Duchenne smiles in his honor. He is also credited with the discovery of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Some of his other works include:
- Functional electrical stimulation as a localization test in Neurological examination.
- tabetic locomotor ataxia
- acute poliomyelitis
- identified pseudohypertrophic muscle dystrophy
- identified progressive bulbar paralysis
- studies into lead poisoning
Duchenne died on September 15, 1875, in Paris.
References
Delaporte, François. Anatomy of the Passions. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008.
- Parent, André (Aug 2005). "Duchenne De Boulogne: a pioneer in neurology and medical photography". The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 32 (3): 369–77. PMID 16225184.
- Parent, André (Nov 2005). "Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-1875)". Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 11 (7): 411–2. doi:. PMID 16345141.
- Siegel, I M (2000). "Charcot and Duchenne: of mentors, pupils, and colleagues". Perspect. Biol. Med. 43 (4): 541–7. PMID 11058990.
- Bach, J R (Apr 2000). "The Duchenne de Boulogne-Meryon controversy and pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy". Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences 55 (2): 158–78. doi:. PMID 10820967.
- Pearce, J M (Sep 1999). "Some contributions of Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-75)". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 67 (3): 322. PMID 10449553.
- Jay, V (1998). "On a historical note: Duchenne of Boulogne". Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 1 (3): 254–5. doi:. PMID 10463286.
- George, M S (Jan 1994). "Reanimating the face: early writings by Duchenne and Darwin on the neurology of facial emotion expression". Journal of the history of the neurosciences 3 (1): 21–33. PMID 11618803.
- Ostini, S (Mar 1993). "[Faradization according to Duchenne de Boulogne (1855)]". Revue médicale de la Suisse romande 113 (3): 245–6. PMID 8480122.
- Borg, K (Apr 1992). "The man behind the syndrome: Guillaume Duchenne". Journal of the history of the neurosciences 1 (2): 145–54. PMID 11618423.
- Borg, K (Mar 1991). "[The man behind the syndrome: Guillaume Duchenne. The frozen out "country bumpkin" who showed the way for research on neuromuscular diseases]". Lakartidningen 88 (12): 1091–3. PMID 2016943.
- Reincke, H; Nelson K R (Jan 1990). "Duchenne de Boulogne: electrodiagnosis of poliomyelitis". Muscle Nerve 13 (1): 56–62. doi:. PMID 2183045.
- Nelson, K R; Genain C (Oct 1989). "Vignette. Duchenne de Boulogne and the muscle biopsy". J. Child Neurol. 4 (4): 315. doi:. PMID 2677116.
- Tayeau, F (Dec 1985). "[My compatriot: Guillaume Duchenne]". Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 169 (9): 1401–12. PMID 3915439.
- Cuthbertson, R A (1985). "Duchenne de Boulogne and human facial expression". Clinical and experimental neurology 21: 55–67. PMID 3916360.
- Roth, N. "Duchenne and the accuracy esthetic". Medical instrumentation 13 (5): 308. PMID 388166.
- Hueston, J T; Cuthbertson R A (Jul 1978). "Duchenne de Boulogne and facial expression". Annals of plastic surgery 1 (4): 411–20. PMID 365063.
- Stillings, D. "Darwin and Duchenne". Medical instrumentation 9 (1): 37. PMID 1092967.
See also
Duchenne effectively used the newly invented medium of photography to capture electrically induced expressions of his subjects, but wasn't able to record the actual movement of the facial muscles, a fact he complained about in his writings.
External Links
- Artifacial Expression Contemporary artist working on Electro-Facial Choreography.
