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Grand Duke of Hesse
Hesse (Hessen in German) is a region of west-central Germany . Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia , in the mid 13th century it was inherited by the younger son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant , and became a distinct political entity. From the late 16th century it was generally divided into several branches, the most important of which were those of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Hesse-Darmstadt . In the early 19th century the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to Elector of Hesse (1803), while the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt became the Grand Duke of Hesse (1806), later Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine. Electoral Hesse (Hesse-Kassel) was annexed by Prussia in 1866 , while Grand Ducal Hesse (Hesse-Darmstadt) as lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918 .
Landgraves of Hesse, 1264–1567
Landgraves of Hesse, 1264–1458
Henry I the Child , 1264–1308Otto the Elder , son of Henry I, 1308–1328 in Lower Hesse (Kassel), reunited Hesse in 1311John , son of Henry I, 1308–1311 in Upper Hesse (Marburg)Henry II the Iron , son of Otto I, 1328–1376
Hermann II the Learned , son of Louis the Junker, 1376–1413, co-regent since 1367Louis I the Peaceful 1413–1458
Landgraves of Lower Hesse (Kassel), 1458–1500
Landgraves of Upper Hesse (Marburg), 1458–1500
1500 reunited with Lower Hesse under William II
Landgraves of Hesse, 1500–1567
Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel , 1567–1803
William IV the Wise , eldest son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567–1592Maurice , 1592–1627William V , second son Maurice, 1627–1637William VI , 1637–1663William VII , 1663–1670Charles I , 1670–1730Frederick I , 1730–1751, also King of Sweden 1720–1751William VIII , 1751–1760Frederick II , 1760–1785William IX , 1785–1803, became Elector William I in 1803
1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse
1834 extinct, reunited with Hesse-Kassel
Frederick,Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried -Eschwege, forth son of Maurice, 1627–1646
Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels , fifth son of Maurice, 1646–1693
Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried , son of Ernest, 1693–1711
William, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried , son of Charles, 1711–1731
Christian, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried , son of Charles, 1711 and 1731–1755
1755 united with Hesse-Rotenburg
Ernest , fifth son of Maurice, 1627–1693
1658 united with Hesse-Rotenburg, 1754 with Hesse-Kassel
1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse
1866 annexed by Prussia
1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse
1866 annexed by Prussia
Louis IV , second son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567–1604
1604 extinct and disputed between Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, 1648 divided between the two lines
1583 extinct and divided between Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Marburg and Hesse-Darmstadt
George I , fourth son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567–1596Louis V , son of George I, 1596–1626George II , son of Louis V, 1626–1661Louis VI , son of George II, 1661–1678Louis VII , first son of Louis VI, 1678Ernest Louis , second son of Louis VI, 1678–1739Louis VIII , son of Ernest Louis, 1739–1768Louis IX , son of Louis VIII 1768–1790Louis X son of Louis IX, 1790–1806, became Grand Duke Louis I
Landgraves of Hesse-Butzbach, 1609–1643
Philip , second son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1609–1643
Frederick I , third son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1622–1638William Christoph , 1638–1681, sold Homburg to his brother George Christian in 1669, but retained Bingenheim (Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim )
Margareta Elisabetha of Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg, Regent 1638–1648
George Christian , 1669–1671 Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
Under mortgage to two merchants (1671–1673) and the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (1673–1679)
Frederick II , son of Fredrick I, 1679–1708, Commander general of the army of Brandenburg (The Prince of Homburg ), redeemed Homburg in 1679, regained Bingenheim in 1681Frederick III Jacob , 1708–1746, Cavalry general in the Netherlands Frederick IV , 1746–1751Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg , 1751–1806
Ulrike Louise von Solms-Braunfels, Regent 1751–1766
1806 Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt, 1815 restored on the Congress of Vienna
Frederick V , 1815–1820 (restored)Frederick VI , 1820–1829, Cavalry general in Austria Louis , 1829–1839, Infantry general in Prussia Philip , 1839–1846, Field marshall in AustriaGustav , 1846–1848, Cavalry general in AustriaFerdinand , 1848–1866, Cavalry general in Austria
1866 annexed by Prussia
Landgraves of Hesse-Braubach, 1625–1651
John , son of Louis V, 1626–1651
Landgraves of Hesse-Itter, 1661–1676
Electors of Hesse (-Kassel), 1803–1866
1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored
1866 annexed by Prussia
Grand Dukes of Hesse (-Darmstadt) and by Rhine, 1806–1918
1918 abdicated as the revolution transformed Hesse into a Volkstaat (People's State)
Heads of the non-reigning House of Hesse
Line Hesse-Kassel (since 1866)
Frederick William, the former Elector, 1866–1875
Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel , 1875–1884, son of Prince William of Hesse-Kassel .Landgrave Frederick William II of Hesse , 1884–1888
Landgrave Alexander Frederick , 1888–1925 (d.1945)Landgrave Frederick Charles , 1925–1940, elected king of Finland in 1918 but renounced the throne the same yearLandgrave Philip , 1940–1980Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse (born 1926), 1980-present
Line of Hesse-Philippsthal (1866-1925)
Karl the former Landgrave, 1866-1868Ernst 1868-1925
1925 the Line of Hesse-Philippsthal became extinct
Line of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (since 1866)
Line Hesse-Darmstadt (1918–1968)
In 1968 the Line of Hesse-Darmstadt became extinct
See also
External links
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