Gigantism

Gigantism
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Gigantism".

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Gigantism Classification and external resources
Anna Haining Bates with her parents
ICD-10	E 22.0, E 34.4
ICD-9	253.0
DiseasesDB	30730
MedlinePlus	001174
MeSH	D005877

Gigantism or giantism, (from Greek gigas, gigantas "giant") is a condition characterized by excessive growth^[1] and height significantly above average.

1 Types
2 Terminology
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

Types

As a medical term, gigantism can refer to:

"Pituitary gigantism", which is due to prepubertal growth hormone excess. This is sometimes equated with acromegaly, but more precisely, an excess of growth hormone leads to "pituitary gigantism" (vertical growth) if the epiphyseal plates have not yet closed,^[2] but it leads to "acromegaly" (lateral growth) if they have closed.

"Cerebral gigantism", also known as Sotos syndrome,^[3] which is due to a mutation in NSD1.

Terminology

There is no precise definition of the degree of height that qualifies a person to be termed a "giant."

The term has been typically applied to those whose height is not just in the upper 1% of the population but several standard deviations above mean for persons of the same sex, age, and ethnic ancestry. Typical adult heights of Americans of European descent to whom the term might be applied are 2.10 - 2.40 metres (7 - 8 feet). The term is seldom applied to those who are simply "tall" or "above average" - whose heights appear to be the healthy result of normal genetics and nutrition.

Other names somewhat obsolete for this pathology are hypersomia (Greek: hyper over the normal level; soma body) and somatomegaly (Greek; soma body, object pronoun somatos of the body; megas, megalos great).

References

^ Gigantism at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ pituitary gigantism at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Sotos syndrome at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

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External links

v • d • e

Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00-35, 240-259)

Pancreas/
glucose
metabolism

Diabetes mellitus types: (type 1, type 2, MODY), complications: (coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy)
Hypoglycemia - Hyperinsulinism - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - insulin receptor (Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome) - Insulin resistance

H/P axes

Pituitary	Hyperpituitarism (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH) Hypopituitarism (Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus) Adiposogenital dystrophy - Empty sella syndrome - Pituitary apoplexy - ACTH deficiency

Thyroid	Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema) Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii) Thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis) Euthyroid sick syndrome - Thyroid hormone resistance - Thyroid nodule

Parathyroid	Hypoparathyroidism (Pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Hyperparathyroidism (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)

Adrenal	Adrenocortical hyperfunction: Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) - Hypoaldosteronism

Gonads	ovarian (Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure) testicular (5-alpha-reductase deficiency, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency) general (Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty)

Other

Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Gigantism - Short stature (Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism) - Multiple endocrine neoplasia (1, 2) - Progeria - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome - thymus (Abscess of thymus, Thymus hyperplasia)

see also congenital, neoplasia

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Contents

Types

Terminology

See also

References

External links