GM Family II engine
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "GM_Family_II_engine".

The Family II is a straight-4 piston engine that was originally developed by Opel in late 1970s for use in the Opel Ascona B and Opel Kadett D. Over time, the engine block has evolved to include many modern features such as DOHC and fuel injection. Family II has also expanded to include a range of Opel derived 6 cylinder engines. Many General Motors subsidiaries, including Holden, GM do Brasil and recently GM Powertrain have adopted this design. It is also starting to be used in hot rods as an engine swap.

20NE, 20SE, 20SEH, C20NE,

These engines formed the basis of the modern Family II lineup. Configuration was limited to a single over head cam, and 2 Valves per cylinder (8 valves total). The 20NE served as the base, where later Family II motors evolved.

Common features include:

- Cast iron block

- 6 bolt flywheel

- Aluminum head.

- 1998 cc, 86 mm x 86 mm bore/stroke

Individual differences:

A South African derivative of the 20SEH engine was used until 1999 in the Astra/Kadett models featuring 10:1 compression ratio and a Bosch Motronic 1.5.4 engine management system. Quoted power was 95 kW (129 PS/127 hp) and 180 N·m (133 lb·ft) of torque.

The 2 liter 8v OHC engines is used in the base versions of:

• Opel Calibra
• Opel Astra F
• Opel Omega A
• Opel Kadett E
• Opel Ascona C
• Opel Frontera A
• Opel Vectra A-A2-B

• Vauxhall Cavalier
• Vauxhall Astra
• Vauxhall Carlton
• Vauxhall Frontera
• Vauxhall Calibra

20XE, 20XEJ, C20XE, C20LET

The naturally-aspirated 16-valve version of the 2.0 L— 1998 cc (121.9 cu in) — cast iron block engine is the successor to the OHC-engines and a predecessor to the 16-valve Ecotec-line of engines.

This lineup features the same block as the OHC based engines with an 86 mm (3.4 in) bore & stroke and a Cosworth-developed DOHC cylinder head (Cosworth Project KB). The cylinder heads were manufactured by either Cosworth or, at a latter date, Kolben Schmidt. In general, the heads from this lineup are supposed to flow appreciablу better than their Ecotec successors. Power output is rated at 110 kW (150 hp) at 6000 rpm and 196 N·m at 4600 rpm (C20XE) or 156 hp (20XE).

Common features:
-1998 cc (121.9 cu in); 86 mm × 86 mm (3.4 in × 3.4 in) bore x stroke
-Cast iron block
-Aluminium head
-Aluminium oil pan with cooling fins
-Air mass flow meter
-Knock sensors
-Twin Camshafts
-8 bolt flywheel

20XE
-157 hp (117 kW)
-198 N·m (146 lb·ft)
-Compression ratio: 10.8-1
-Engine Management: Bosh Motronic 2.5

C20XE
-150 bhp @ 6000 rpm
-196 N·m (145 lb·ft) @ 4600 rpm
-Compression ratio: 10.8-1
-Catalytic converter
-Lamda sond
-Engine Management: Bosh Motronic 2.8

C20LET
-204 hp @ 5600 rpm
-280 N·m (207 lb·ft) @ 2400 rpm
-102 bhp/litre
-Compression ratio: 9.0-1
-Catalytic converter
-Lambda sensor
-Different camshafts
-Turbo pressure: 0.6 bars (8.7 psi) continuous with a 0.8 bars (12 psi) overboost
-Engine Management: Bosch Motronic M2.7
-The map sensor is built into the ECU.
-Turbo used in the C20LET: KKK16, integral water cooling and oil lubrication.

These engines were used in:

• Opel Kadett GSI 16v
• Opel Vectra 2000
• Opel Vectra GT 16V
• Opel Vectra Turbo
• Opel Calibra Turbo
• Opel Calibra 16V
• Opel Astra GSi 16v
• Opel Astra Irmscher caravan
• Lada 110

The turbocharged version of the C20XE, branded C20LET was also offered in the Opel/Vauxhall Calibra and Vectra Turbo. The C20LET is essentially the same as the C20XE, bar the lower compression, forged Mahle pistons turbocharger, Bosh Motronic M2.7 with MAP a sensor. There are also slight revisions to the block which provide an oil inlet/outlet for the turbocharger.

C25XE

Opel later developed a 2.5 liter V6 engine based on the C20XE's design. The V6 powerplant featured four camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder. The C25XE found use in the V6 Calibra/Vectra A/A2/Omega B.

-2498 cc (152.4 cu in)
-170 hp @ 6000 rpm
-226 N·m (167 lb·ft) @ 4200 rpm Engine Management Bosch Motronic 2.8

X20XEV

The first engine Opel branded as Ecotec, a mass-market successor to the C20XE with a Lotus-developed cylinder head. The new cylinder head had a smaller valve angle compared to the older C20XE, which was supposed to give more torque in the lower revs. It is a 1998 cc (121.9 cu in) naturally aspirated engine with 16 valves and belt driven double overhead camshafts (DOHC). 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and stroke in cast iron OHC-derived cylinder block and aluminium cylinder head. X20XEV was equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions and air injection reactor (AIR) to speed up the warming up of the catalytic converter and to reduce unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Power 100 kW / 136 hp.

This engine was used in:

• Opel Calibra 94-
• Opel Vectra 94-
• Opel Astra 94-
• Opel Omega 94-

X25XE, X30XE

A V6 engine - essentially an Ecotec version of the C25XE. It has similar design features to the X20XEV - particularly the cylender heads and emission reduction hardware. This engine was used in the Opel Omega.

The X25XE was also used in Later Models of Vectra B from 2000 until 2002. It was to prove popular in Police Vehicles in the UK.

Ecotec

The Ecotec name was adopted in 2000 for the new generation of Family II engines. The name was already used for the Opel GM Family II engine, Family 1 and Family 0 ranges. GM intends this new Ecotec to become its global 4-cylinder.

The Ecotec Family II is a DOHC 4-valve design with an aluminum block and head (L850 for 86 mm bore applications, and L880 for 88 mm bore), designed for displacements from 1.8 to 2.4 L. It was developed by an international team of engineers and technicians from Opel's International Technical Development Center in Rüsselsheim, Germany, GM Powertrain in Pontiac, Michigan, and Saab in Trollhättan, Sweden.^{citation needed} Much of the development work on this project was carried out by Lotus Engineering, Hethel, United Kingdom. The engine uses aluminum pistons and cast iron cylinder liners. Vibration is reduced with twin balance shafts.

The current Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and (for Saturn) in Spring Hill, Tennessee.

Turbo

Opel/Vauxhall offers a turbocharged version of the 2.0 L — 1998 cc (121.9 cu in) — Ecotec (the Z20LET) in a cast iron block; it features a square 86 mm (3.38 in) bore and stroke, 9.5:1 compression, 200 hp (147 kW) and 195 lb·ft (265 N·m) of torque.

This engine is used in:

• Opel Astra
• Opel Zafira
• Opel Speedster

LK9

Saab offers a turbocharged version of the 2.0 L— 1998 cc (121.9 cu in) — Ecotec utilizing an aluminum block. It features an 86 mm (3.39 in) bore and stroke and a 9.5:1 compression ratio. Power is 210 horsepower (160 kW) at 5300 rpm and 220 lb·ft (298 N·m) of torque at 2500 rpm. Maximum boost is 12.3 psi (0.85 bar).

• 2003-present Saab 9-3

LNF

Ecotec LNF in a Pontiac Solstice

A turbocharged direct injected (redubbed Spark Ignition Direct Injection) Ecotec was introduced in the 2007 Solstice GXP. Displacement is 2.0 L — 1998 cc (121.9 cu in) — with a square 86 mm (3.38 in) bore and stroke. Compression is 9.2:1 and maximum boost is 20.0 psi, delivering 260 hp (194 kW) at 5300 rpm and 260 lb·ft (353 N·m) of torque from 2500–5250 rpm.^[1] Engine redline is at 6300 rpm and premium fuel is recommended. The "Gen II" block is similar to the 2.4 L and also features VVT technology.

Unique LNF features^[2] include:

• a twin-scroll turbocharger
• gasoline direct injection
• variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust
• sodium-filled valves
• oil-cooled low-friction cast pistons

This engine is used in:

• 2007–present Opel GT
• 2007–present Solstice GXP
• 2007–present Saturn Sky Red Line
• 2008 Chevy HHR SS
• 2008 Chevrolet Cobalt SS

DI

A high-end direct injection version of the 2.2 L Ecotec is available for:

• Opel Vectra
• Opel Signum

L61

Ecotec L61 engine in a Chevrolet Classic

2003 Pontiac Sunfire Ecotec engine

This engine is also known as a Z22SE in other countries such as The United Kingdom and Australia

The basic Family II architecture was substantially reengineered in 2000, becoming the Ecotec 2.2, model L61 (or L42 for the CNG version). First appearing in the 2000 Saturn LS1, the L61 spread throughout North American GM products, displacing the Quad 4 and its descendents.

Unlike its notably harsh predecessor, the L61 was designed for smoothness. dual in-block balance shafts were integral to the design, and all accessories were mounted directly to the engine block to reduce vibration. The oil filter was cast into the block with a removable cover and replaceable paper element.

Displacement for the 2.2 L engine is 2196 cc (134 cu in) with an 86 mm (3.38 in) bore and 94.6 mm (3.72 in) stroke. Compression is 9.5:1 or 10:1, delivering 135 to 143 hp (101 to 107 kW) and 142 to 152 lb·ft (193 to 206 N·m) of torque. The Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and (for Saturn) in Spring Hill, Tennessee. The L61-powered Saturn Ion replaced the Saturn-powered Saturn S-Series.

There are a few variations to the standard L61. The new Chevrolet Malibu uses a version with electronic throttle control and a special unitized exhaust manifold and catalytic converter. The 2003 Saturn L-Series has a high output version with higher (10:1) compression and more aggressive camshaft. The Malibu and Saturn versions also use return-less fuel injection.

In 2007 the L61 was upgraded with a second generation cylinder case, Coil on plug ignition, 58x crankshaft position sensing and a 32-bit computer.

The 2.2 L Ecotec is used in the following cars:

Following the GM-Fiat agreement, the 2.2 L engine is also used in

• Fiat Croma
• Alfa Romeo 159

L42

The Ecotec 2.2, model L42 is the CNG version of the Ecotec 2.2. It delivers 129 hp (96 kW) and 129 lb·ft (175 N·m).

LSJ

Ecotec LSJ engine in a 2006 Saturn Ion Red Line

The LSJ is a de-stroked (to 86 mm) version of the L61 Ecotec with an Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger and air-to-liquid intercooler. It is rated at 205 hp (153 kW) at 5600 rpm and 200 lb·ft (271 N·m) at 4400 rpm with a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and a 6500 rpm redline. With the end of the Chevy Cobalt S/C SS and Saturn Ion Red Line, The LSJ will no longer be available in a production car after 2007.

The LSJ was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2006.

This engine is used in:

LE5

Ecotec LE5 engine in a 2006 Pontiac Solstice

The LE5 is a larger 2.4 L — 2376 cc (144.9 cu in) — version of the Ecotec. Both the 88 mm (3.5 in) bore and 98 mm (3.9 in) stroke are larger, and Variable Valve Timing on the intake and exhaust improve low-end torque. Compression is 10.4:1. Power is 164-177 hp (123-132 kW) and torque is 159-170 lb·ft (215-230 N·m). The engine uses a reinforced "Gen II" block.

The LE5 is also used in the following overseas models:

• 2006 GM Taiwan Buick LaCrosse
• 2006 Shanghai GM Buick LaCrosse

LAT

The LAT is the designation used for the 2.4 L LE5 when used in GM's mild hybrid vehicles.

LE9

The LE9 is an E85 compatible version of the 2.4 L — 2384 cc (145.4 cu in) — LE5 Ecotec. Bore and stroke are 88 mm (3.5 in) and 98 mm (3.9 in) and has a compression ratio of 10.4:1, the same as the LE5.

LAP

The LAP is a 2.2 L — 2189 cc (133.5 cu in) — version of the Ecotec, based on the Gen II block. Bore and stroke are 86 mm (3.4 in) and 94.6 mm (3.7 in), the same as the 2.2 L L61. Compression ratio is 10.0:1. Major features that set it apart from the 2.2 L L61 are variable-valve-timing and other cylinder head improvements from the 2.4 L LE5.

LE8

The LE8 is an E85 compatible 2.2 L — 2189 cc (133.5 cu in) — version of the LAP Ecotec. Bore and stroke remain the same 86 mm (3.4 in) and 94.6 mm (3.7 in). Compression ratio is 10.0:1 and the engine can run on both regular unleaded gasoline or E85.

D-TEC/E-TEC II

Holden makes various Family II engines for GM India and GM Daewoo at its Melbourne plant. Variations include displacements from 1.6 L to 2.4 L. Unlike the Ecotec engines, the block is made of iron.

L34

This is the 2.0 L — 1998 cc (121.9 cu in) — variant of the engines, featuring an 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and 86 mm (3.4 in) stroke. Power is 119 hp (89 kW) at 5400 rpm and torque is 126 lb·ft (171 N·m).

The engine has been used on following vehicles:

• Chevrolet Optra
• Chevrolet Evanda
• Suzuki Reno
• Suzuki Forenza

L91

This is the 1.6 L — 1598 cc (97.5 cu in) — variant of the engines, featuring a 79 mm (3.1 in) bore and 81.5 mm (3.2 in) stroke and a compression ratio of 9.5:1. Power is 103 horsepower (77 kW) at 5800 rpm and torque is 107 lb·ft (145 N·m) at 3400 rpm.

• Daewoo Kalos
• Daewoo Gentra
• Chevrolet Aveo
• Pontiac Wave

LXV

This is a 1.6 L — 1598 cc (97.5 cu in) — variant of the engines, featuring a 79 mm (3.1 in) bore and 81.5 mm (3.2 in) stroke and a compression ratio of 10.8:1. The major difference from the L91 is the addition of variable-valve-timing. Power is 106 hp (79 kW) at 6400 rpm and torque is 105 lb·ft (142 N·m) at 3800 rpm.

Other models

• 1.8 L - Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Nubira, Chevrolet Rezzo
• C24SE, *2.4 L SOHC - Isuzu Rodeo
• 2.4 L DOHC - Chevrolet Captiva, Opel Antara

GM In Brazil

GM In Brazil specializes in SOHC, alcohol-powered and FlexPower (alcohol and petrol powered) engines.

• C18YE — 1.8 L ethanol (* no longer in production)
• C20SEL — 2.0 L DOHC (* no longer in production)
• X20XE — 2.0 L FlexPower
• X24XE — 2.4 L FlexPower
• X24SE — 2.4 L DOHC 16V FlexPower

In 2004, a 2.0 L MultiPower engine was made available for the taxi market which could use gasoline, gasohol and natural gas.

A 2.0 L FlexPower engine is available for the current Chevrolet Astra and Vectra. The 2006 Chevrolet Vectra also received a 2.4 L 16V FlexPower engine which was the first flex-fuel engine above 2.0 L in the world.[1]

GM In the Ariel Atom

In late 2005 Brammo Motorsports struck a deal with GM for a Supercharged 2.0 L Ecotec for their Ariel Atom. The engine came in various ratings from 205 hp (153 kW) to 300 hp (220 kW). Jay Leno received the very first Atom for commercial sale in the US by Brammo.

GM ECOtec Owner Meets

GM supports the owners of its ECOtec vehicles by holding owners meets at various auto enthusiast events across the country^clarify. These events offer Q&A with ECOtec engine engineers, meet-n-greet's with the GM Race car drivers and inside info before it's released anywhere else. At most events GM brings out cars that are not yet in production to give current owners a "sneak peek" at the new line of ECOtec powered vehicles before they hit the streets.

2008 ECOtec Owner Meet Schedule

See also

• GM Family 1 engine
• GM Family 0 engine
• List of GM engines

References

• Larry Webster. "Getting Rid of the H-Word". Car and Driver (May 2000): 93. 

Notes

External links

The external links in this article may not follow Wikipedia's content policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links.

• http://www.seecarclub.net
• http://www.GMTunerSource.com
• http://www.ChevyHHRFamily.net
• http://midwestecotec.com
• http://cobaltss.net
• http://chevyhhr.net
• http://chevyhhrfamily.net
• http://LSJBuildUp.com
• http://redlineforums.com
• http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2008/08car.htm
• http://www.turbocobalts.com
• http://www.socalecotecs.com/
• http://www.ionforums.net/
• http://www.clubsaturnquebec.com/
• http://www.z22se.co.uk/
• http://www.ontariocobaltclub.com/