| content | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Falls of Clyde at Honolulu Harbor |
|
| Career (Hawaii) |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | Falls of Clyde |
| Builder: | Russell and Company in Port Glasgow, Inverclyde, Scotland |
| Launched: | 1878 |
| Homeport: | Honolulu, Hawaii |
| Fate: | museum exhibit |
| Status: | retired |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 1809 tons |
| Length: | 280 ft (85.3 m) |
| Beam: | 40 ft (12.2 m) |
| Draft: | 21 ft (6.4 m) |
| FALLS OF CLYDE | |
|---|---|
| (U.S. National Historic Landmark) | |
 |
|
| Location: | Pier 7, Honolulu Harbor, Honolulu, Hawaii |
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: |
| Built/Founded: | 1878 |
| Architect: | Russell & Co. |
| Designated as NHL: | April 11, 19891 |
| Added to NRHP: | July 02, 19732 |
| NRHP Reference#: | 73000659 |
| Governing body: | Private |
Falls of Clyde is the only surviving iron-hulled, four-masted full rigged ship, and the only surviving sail-driven oil tanker in the world. The ship was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1989 and is one of only 33 such landmarks in Hawaii.3 She is presently a museum ship in Honolulu, but has deteriorated to poor condition and is not open to the public. In September 2008, ownership of the ship was transferred to a new nonprofit which intends to restore the ship.
Contents |
History
She was built in 1878 by Russell and Company in Port Glasgow, Inverclyde, Scotland, launched as the first of nine iron-hulled four-masted ships built for Wright and Breakenridge's Falls Line.4 She was named after the Falls of Clyde, a waterfall up the River Clyde. She was built to the highest standard - Lloyd's Register A-1 - for general worldwide trade. Her maiden voyage took her to Karachi, now in Pakistan, and her first six years were spent engaged in the India trade. She then became a tramp pursuing general cargo such as lumber, jute, cement, and wheat from ports in Australia, California, India, New Zealand, and the British Isles.
After twenty-one years under the Red Ensign, Falls of Clyde was purchased for US$25,000 by Captain William Matson of the Matson Navigation Company, taken to Honolulu, Hawaii in 1899, and registered under the Hawaiian flag. When the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1900, it took a special act of the United States Congress to secure the foreign-built ship the right to fly the Stars and Stripes.
To economize on crew, Matson rigged Falls of Clyde down as a barque, replacing the five yards on her aftermost (jigger) mast with two more easily-managed fore-and-aft sails. At the same time, he added a deckhouse, charthouse, and rearranged the after quarters to accommodate paying passengers. From 1899 to 1907, she made over sixty voyages between Hilo, Hawaii, and San Francisco, California. She carried general merchandise from San Francisco and sugar from Hawaii, and passengers both ways. She developed a reputation as a handy, fast, and commodious vessel; her voyages averaged 17 days each way.
In 1907, the Associated Oil Company (which later became Tidewater Oil) bought Falls of Clyde and converted her to a bulk oil tanker with a capacity of 19,000 barrels (three million liters, 800,000 gallons). Ten large steel tanks were built into her hull, and a pump room, boiler and generator fitted forward of an oil-tight bulkhead.4 In this configuration she sailed from Gaviota, California, with kerosene, which she discharged in Honolulu at the Oahu Railway and Land Company's Pier 16. On her return voyages, she carried bulk molasses to California, where it was used for cattle feed.
In 1927, the bark was sold to the General Petroleum Company, her masts were cut down, and she served as a floating fuel depot in Alaska until 1959. She was sold to William Mitchell, who towed her to Seattle, Washington, intending to sell her to a preservation group. Mitchell's plan fell through and subsequent efforts by Karl Kortum, director of the San Francisco Maritime Museum, and Fred Klebingat, who had sailed in her as chief mate in 1915, to place her in Long Beach, California, or Los Angeles, California, were similarly disappointed.
In 1963, the bank holding the mortgage on Falls of Clyde decided to sell her to be sunk as part of a breakwater at Vancouver, British Columbia. Kortum and Klebingat aroused interest in the ship in Hawaii, and within days of the scheduled scuttling, raised funds to buy the ship. At the end of October 1963, Falls of Clyde was taken under tow by fleet tug USS Moctobi. In honor of their historic tow, the crew of the tug kept their logs in verse, the first entry reading
- As we sail across the Sea
- The Falls of Clyde keeps us company
- Moctobi's engines grit and grind
- To keep old Clyde close behind.
On 18 November, they arrived in Honolulu, recording
- Today, hauling cargo to Hawaii was seen a proud white ship.
- We couldn't help remembering Clyde and all her similar trips.
- Yes this one is quite different than those of earlier times,
- When she carried black oil and molasses to many different climes
- Today the cargo is memories and sea stories yet untold
- Which when moored tomorrow may be brought up from the hold.
- Tomorrow at Honolulu her final trip will end,
- And we will bid aloha to our gallant seagoing friend.
The crew was concerned about the reaction these verses might receive from Commander, Service Force, Pacific Fleet. Upon their arrival at Honolulu they received a message reading
- Your towing debut is finally Pau
- The Clyde's at home forever now.
- Your sitreps were noted with interest each day
- As Moctobi pulled the long, rough way.
- This grand old lady is destined to be
- A memorable relic for all Hawaii
- By your fine effort the task is won.
- Welcome home, and to all a well done.
- -- VADM Roy Johnson, Deputy, CINCPACFLT
In May 1964, on behalf of his crew, the commanding officer of Moctobi, Lieutenant Leo Connolly, accepted the Distinguished Service Award for Community Relations from the Chamber of Commerce of Honolulu.
Museum ship and controversy
Falls of Clyde was given to the Bishop Museum and was opened to the public in 1968. In 1970 the grandson of the original 19th century designer William Lithgow was engaged to assist in her restoration as a full-rigged ship. Support came from Sir William Lithgow, the shipbuilder and industrialist, whose Port Glasgow shipyard donated new steel masts, and topgallants, jib and spanker booms of Oregon pine.4
In 1973 the ship was entered into the National Register of Historic Places.2 The ship was declared a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1989.15
The ship is in poor condition. Her long-time owner, the Bishop Museum, had plans to sink her by the end of 2008 unless private funds were raised for an endowment for her perpetual care.6 Causes of the deterioration of the ship are multiple. The ship has not been drydocked for a long time. Sandblasting work was completed which arguably has damaged the ship. Preventive maintenance that would have prevented corrosion was not performed, although it would have been relatively inexpensive. In fact, the Bishop Museum "has been accused of incompetence and dishonesty" for raising $600,000 to preserve the ship but then spending only about half on the ship, and for other decisions on how the money that was spent was used.7 As of September 28, 2008, ownership has been transferred to the non-profit group Friends of Falls of Clyde, which intends to restore her.8
As of February 2008, the Falls of Clyde is still located at Pier 7, Honolulu Harbor, part of the Hawaii Maritime Center which is operated by the Bishop Museum.
See also
Four other Clyde-built tall ships are still afloat:
References
- ^ a b "FALLS OF CLYDE (Sailing Oil Tanker)". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2008-06-20.
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2008-04-15).
- ^ "National Historic Landmarks Survey" (PDF). United States National Park Service. Retrieved on 2008-10-19.
- ^ a b c Carter, Robert (September 2008). "Notes on a Picture: Falls of Clyde". Australian Sea Heritage (Sydney, Australia: Sydney Maritime Museum Ltd) (93/94): pp59-61.
- ^ James P. Delgado (July 15, 1988), National Historic Landmark Nomination: Falls of ClydePDF (32 KB), National Park Service and Accompanying 1988 photos, exterior and interior, from 1986, 1988 and undatedPDF (32 KB)
- ^ Hall, Sabrina (2008-02-22). "Falls of Clyde May Have Sinking Fate". KGMB9 News Hawaii. Retrieved on 2008-10-19.
- ^ Christopher Pala (2008-10-18). "Historic Ship Stays Afloat, for Now". New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. See also prior Honolulu Weekly article by Pala.
- ^ Bernardo, Rosemarie (2008-09-27). "Museum to transfer historic ship". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved on 2008-10-19.
- Jim Gibb, Pacific Square-Riggers (Schiffer Publishing, 1987) ISBN 0-88740-106-6 p. 110
- Heine, Historic Ships of the World
- Klebingat, "Falls of Clyde"
- personal communications of Lieutenant Leo Connolly, commanding officer, USS Moctobi
External links
- Hawai`i Maritime Center
- Maritime Heritage Program Information for the Falls of Clyde
- Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum
- Falls of Clyde on HawaiiWeb
- Friends of Falls of Clyde Website
|
||||||||||
