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Communications |
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Origins and Ethnicity
Uruguayans share a Spanish linguistic and cultural background with its neighbour country Argentina. Most Uruguayans are descended from colonial-era settlers and immigrants from Europe with almost 88% of the population being of European descent,[1] The majority of these European immigrants were mainly Spaniards, followed closely by Italians, including numbers of French, Germans, Portuguese, British (English or Scots), Irish, Swiss, Russians, Poles, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Estonians, Latvians, Dutch, Belgians, Austrians, Croatians, Greeks, Macedonians and Scandinavians.
Many Swiss colonies such as Colonia Suiza, Colonia Valdense and Nueva Helvecia are founded in the department of Colonia. Also, there are towns founded by early British settlers, like Conchillas and Barker. A Russian colony called San Javier, is found in the department of Río Negro. Also there are Mennonites colonies in the department of Río Negro and in the department of Canelones. One of them, called El Ombú, is famous by his well know Dulce de Leche "Claldy", and is located near the city of Young.
Many of the European immigrants arrived to Uruguay in the late 1800s and have heavily influenced the architecture and culture of Montevideo and other major cities. For this reason, Montevideo and life within the city are very reminiscent of Western Europe.
The rest of the Uruguayan population is African or white-African descent ("mulatos") and about 1 or 2% are of Asian descent, mostly are Lebanese/Syrian Arab, and Chinese or Japanese ancestry (see Barbara Mori). Amerindians are nonexistent.citation needed Uruguay is the only country in South America without this type of population. Uruguay has the most homogeneous population of the western hemisphere.citation needed
Demographic Distribution
Metropolitan Montevideo, with about one and a half million inhabitants, is the capital and largest city. The rest of the urban population lives in about 20 towns. Montevideo is about 200 kilometers (124 miles) away from Buenos Aires in neighboring Argentina.
Uruguay is distinguished by its high literacy rate (97.3%) and a large urban middle class. During the 1970s and 1980s, an estimated six-hundred thousand Uruguayans emigrated, principally to Spain, Italy, Argentina and Brazil. Other Uruguayans went to various countries in Europe, Australia and the USA.
As a result of the low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration of younger people, Uruguay's population is quite mature. In 2006, the country had a birth rate of 13.91 births per thousand population, lower than neighboring countries Argentina (16.73 births/1000 population)[3] and Brazil (16.56 births/1,000 population).
Church and state are officially separated. While the Government keeps no statistics concerning religious affiliation, a 2004 survey published in the daily newspaper El Pais reported that 54% of those interviewed designated themselves as Roman Catholics, 11% as Protestants, 9% as believers without a religious affiliation, and 26% as nonbelievers.[2]
Although the majority of Uruguayans do not actively practice a religion, they are nominally members of the Catholic Church and other communities. Uruguayan life is what political observers consider Uruguay is the most secular country in South America.[3]
Uruguay has a traditional socialist welfare state program yet in need of improvement since the 1990s. The average Uruguayan and neighbour country Argentina can be compared with some of the western countries of Europe, and ranks behind that of North American giants the US and Canada.citation needed
During the past two decades, an estimated 500,000 Uruguayans had emigrated, principally to Brazil, Argentina and Europe. (Spain is the main destination for Uruguayans, but also drawn to the United Kingdom, Italy, France and Germany). There are 500,000 Uruguayans in Brazil, the largest community of this group and many came there to escape political persecution in the 1970s.
Emigration to the United States also rose recently, but remains a small part of the US Hispanic population. The majority of Uruguayans in the US live in New York city, New Jersey, Washington, DC and urban areas of California.
As a result of the low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration of younger people, Uruguay's population is quite mature with a lower percentage of young people than most of Latin America (except for Chile and Argentina).
Demographic Data
Population: 3,431,932 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 24% (male 417,288; female 397,125)
15-64 years: 63% (male 1,030,201; female 1,057,968)
65 years and over: 13% (male 178,393; female 253,099) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.51% (2004 est.)
Birth rate: 14.44 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Death rate: 9.07 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 15.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 75.24 years
male: 71.9 years
female: 78.75 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.96 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Uruguayan(s); Oriental(s)
adjective: Uruguayan
Ethnic groups: White 88% (European), Mestizo 8.2%, African descent 4% Amerindian nonexistent.
Religions: Roman Catholic 54% (less than one-half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 11%, Jewish 0.8%, nonprofessing or other 34%.
Languages: Spanish
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.3%
male: 96.9%
female: 97.7% (1995 est.)
Notes and references
^ 1. [Transparency.org]
^ 2. Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2002
^ 3. Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2003
^ 4. Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2004
^ 5. Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2005
^ 6. Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2006
References
- ^ Constituciones Hispanoamericanas - Constituciones - Uruguay
- ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2007
- ^ UMM | Latin American Area Studies - Countries
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