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| DH.89 Dragon Rapide/Dominie | |
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| Role | Short-haul airliner |
| Manufacturer | de Havilland |
| First flight | 17 April 1934 |
| Primary user | Royal Air Force |
| Number built | 731 |
The de Havilland DH.89 Dragon Rapide was a British short-haul passenger airliner of the 1930s. Designed late in 1933 as a faster and more comfortable successor to the DH.84 Dragon, it was in effect a twin-engined, scaled-down version of the four-engined DH.86 Express. It shared many common features with the larger aircraft including its tapered wings, streamlined farings and the Gipsy Six engine, but it demonstrated none of the operational vices of the larger aircraft and went on to become perhaps the most successful British-built commercial passenger aircraft of the 1930s.
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Development and history
The prototype first flew on 17 April 1934 and 205 were built for owners all around the world before the outbreak of World War II. Originally designated the "Dragon Six" it was first marketed as "Dragon Rapide" although was later just called a "Rapide". With the fitting of improved trailing edge flaps from 1936 they were redesignated DH.89As.
One famous incident involving the use of a DH.89 was in July 1936 when a British MI6 intelligence agent, Hugh Pollard, flew Francisco Franco in one from the Canary Islands to Spanish Morocco, at the start of the military rebellion which began the Spanish Civil War. [1]
At the start of World War II many (Dragon) Rapides were impressed by the British armed forces and served under the name de Havilland Dominie. They were used for passenger duties and radio navigation training. Over 500 more were built specifically for military purposes, powered by improved Gipsy Queen engines, to bring total production to 731. Many survivors entered commercial service after the war, and 81 were still flying on the British register in 1958. Dominie production was by both de Havilland and Brush Coachworks Ltd, the latter making the greater proportion.
The DH.89 proved a very durable aircraft despite its relatively primitive plywood construction and many were still flying in the early 2000s. Several Rapides are still operational in the UK and several suppliers still offer pleasure flights in them. 2 Rapides are still airworthy in New Zealand
Variants
- D.H.89 Dragon Six
- Prototype.
- D.H.89
- Twin engined light transport biplane. First production version.
- D.H.89A
- Improved version, fitted with a landing light in the nose, modified wingtips and cabin heating.
- D.H.89A Mk 4
- One D.H. 89A aircraft, powered by two de Havilland Gipsy Queen 2 piston engines, fitted with constant speed propellers.
- D.H.89A Mk 5
- One D.H.89A aircraft, powered by two de Havilland Gipsy Queen 3 piston engines, fitted with variable-pitch propellers.
- D.H.89A Mk 6
- One D.H.89A aircraft fitted with Fairey X5 fixed-pitch propellers.
- D.H.89M
- Military transport version. Exported to Lithuania and Spain.
- D.H. 89B Dominie Mk I
- Radio and navigation training version.
- D.H. 89 B Dominie Mk II
- Communications and transport version.
Operators
Civil
- Aero Oy operated two aircraft.
- Aer Lingus
- Aer Turas operated one aircraft.
- Air Atlantique Classic Flight
- British European Airways
- Classic Wings
- British Westpoint
- Scottish Airways
- Scillonia Airways
- Trans European Aviation
- Crilly Airways Ltd
- Hillmans Airways
- Mayflower Air Services
- Olley Air Services
- Railway Air Services
- Westward Airways (Lands End)
Military operators
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- Belgian Air Force (Seven operated from 1946)
- Luftwaffe operated captured aircraft.
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- Lithuanian Air Force operated two D.H.89M aircraft.
- Spanish Air Force operated three D.H.89M.
- Royal Air Force
- No. 24 Squadron RAF
- No. 173 Squadron RAF
- No. 225 Squadron RAF
- No. 271 Squadron RAF
- No. 510 Squadron RAF
- No. 526 Squadron RAF
- No. 527 Squadron RAF
- No. 614 Squadron RAF
- Fleet Air Arm
Popular culture
A de Havilland Dragon Rapide, the Sky Gypsy, appears in Out of Time, an episode of the BBC Science Fiction television series Torchwood, in which one is accidentally flown through a "transcendental portal" and travels from 1953 over 50 years into its passengers future.
Specifications (Dragon Rapide)
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Capacity: 8 passengers
- Length: 34 ft 6 in (10.5 m)
- Wingspan: 48 ft 0 in (14.6 m)
- Height: 10 ft 3 in (3.1 m)
- Wing area: 340 ft² (32 m²)
- Empty weight: 3,230 lb (1,460 kg)
- Loaded weight: 5,500 lb (2,490 kg)
- Powerplant: 2× de Havilland Gipsy Six inline engine, 200 hp (149 kW) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 157 mph (136 knots, 253 km/h) at 1,000 ft (305 m)
- Range: 573 mi (498 nm, 920 km)
- Service ceiling 16,700 ft (5,090 m)
- Rate of climb: 867 ft/min (4.3 m/s)
- Wing loading: 16 lb/ft² (79 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0.036 hp/lb (60 W/kg)
See also
Related development
Related lists
References
Notes
- ^ Alpert, Michael BBC History Magazine April 2002
Bibliography
- Hamlin, John F. The De Havilland Dragon Rapide Family. Tunbridge Wells, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 2003. ISBN 0-85130-344-7.
- Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft 1919-1972: Volume II. London: Putnam(Conway Maritime Press), 1988. ISBN 0-85177-813-5
External links
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