Darbhanga
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?Darbhanga Bihar • India
Darbhanga
Coordinates: 26°10′N 85°54′E / 26.17, 85.9
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	• 52 m (171 ft)
District(s)	Darbhanga
Population	266,834 (2001)

Coordinates: 26°10′N 85°54′E / 26.17, 85.9 Darbhangā is a city and a municipal corporation in and headquarters of Darbhanga district and Darbhanga Division in the state of Bihar, India. It gets its name from Dar Bhanga or "gates broken" (for gates of Hindu Qilā broken at Qilā Ghāt in 1326 AD when Tughlaq forces captured the last Hindu state in North India ruled by Harisinghdeva); some people guess Darbhangā is a distorted form of "Dwār Banga" or the Gate to Bengal, but actually the gate of Bengal is at Rājmahal which is far away from Darbhangā. The name of the district has been derived from its head quarter and principal town, which is said to have been founded by Darbhangi Khan. Among rest, Darbhangā is native to Maithil Kayastha and Brahmins.

History

The history of Darbhanga dates back to the Ramayana and Mahabharata periods, it is among the greatest cities of Bihar. According to the Vedic sources, the Videhas of Aryan stock first migrated to the area from the banks of Saraswati in Punjab. They were guided to the east of Sadanira (Gandak River) by Agni, the God of Fire. Settlements were established and, thus, flourished the kingdom of Videhas-the Selfless. In course of time Videhas came to be ruled by a line of kings called Janaks. In this line of kings there was a very famous king named Mithi. To commemorate his greatness the territory was named as MITHILA. Another famous king was Janak Sirdhwaja, father of Sita. The legends speak of various learned men patronized by Janak Sirdhwaja, who himself was an erudite scholar. Among them prominent were Yagyavalkya, who codified the Hindu law in his Yagyavalkya Smriti and Gautam, who had various valuable philosophical treatises to his credit. King Janak was himself a great philosopher and his ideas have been eternally enshrined in the Upanishads, esp in the Brihad-āraṇyaka Upaniṣada.

Traditions also speak of Kapil Muni's relationship with this area that propounded the Sankhya philosophy. Association of this area with Pandavas is also evident by the popular belief that they stayed here during their period of exile.

The learned men like Vidyāpati, Kumāril Bhatt, Mandan Mishra, Nāgārjun, etc belonged to this region.

Darbhanga is a town with a population of nearly 3 lakhs. Darbhanga was named after Dar(Dwar)+Bhangaa which means gates+broken ; it is guessed that gates of the Qila (at Qilaghat probably) were broken (by cannons or elephants perhaps) in 1326 AD when Tughlak forces attacked the last independent North Indian Hindu king Harisinghdeva (of Karnaata Chalukya dynasty from Karnataka) who ruled over North Bihar and most of Nepal. Historians guess that the capital of Harisinghdeva was situated near foothills of Himalayas, Haraahi pond in Darbhanga is named after Harisinghdeva and the pond Gangaasarar is named after his ancestor Gangadeva who was son of Naanyadeva, the founder of this dynasty; Naanyadeva was a chieftain of Chalukya king Vikramaditya-VI of Karnatak who had successfully invaded North India in the end of 11th century. Hindus began to flock to this town since the beginning of 19th century when the Maharaja of Darbhanga shifted his residence to this town and was granted the title Maharaja by East India Company, and gradually Hindus surpassed Muslims in population, but muslims still constitute over 36% of population of this town. It was the biggest town of North Bihar for centuries, but after Muzaffarpur was connected to broad gauge railway in mid-1970s, the latter overtook Darbhanga due to shift of trade, commerce, business and transport to some extent.

Once part of the Brahman kingdom of Mithila, Darbhanga passed to the Tughlaks in the 14th century. The British assumed control in 1765.

Darbhanga was an ancient city of Mithila, which is an ancient cultural region of North India lying between the lower ranges of the Himalayas and the Ganges River. The Nepal border cuts across the top fringe of this region. The Gandak and Kosi Rivers are rough western and eastern boundaries of Mithila. In the year 1326 Mithila was invaded by Afghans, who deposed the Kshatriya ruler and placed a Maithil Brahman in control of land revenues over much of this region. This family soon began calling themselves kings, distributing land to other members of their caste, so that gradually land passed into the control of Maithil Brahmans. It is a noteworthy seat of the Maharaja of Darbhanga. During Akbar's reign in the sixteenth century, a second Maithil Brahman family came to rule as the Khandavala Dynasty. By British times, their estate, Darbhanga Raj, was the largest and richest of the great zamindari estates. Their capital was in Bhaur village in Madhubani, later shifted to the town of Darbhanga. They controlled most of Mithila until after Independence when the Republic of India abolished zamindari (Maharaja of Darbhanga was actually a zanindar entitled to add the title Maharaja in his name, besides the British title KCIE).

Darbhanga Town

Darbhanga District

Maharaja of Darbhanga.

The Maharaja of Darbhanga, Kameshwar Singh was also an integral part of the Constituent Assembly of India and was instrumental in campaigning for retention of privy purses and land rights for rulers. He single handedly negotiated rights of various rulers and nawabs.

Darbhanga city is essentially a twin city with Darbhanga tower and Laheriasarai tower at its two ends. Laheriasarai has been named after the famous Lahri walas whose traditional occupation was to weave textiles and make bangles especially of Lah, imported from Ranchi and other places.

Geography

Darbhanga town is located at 26.17° N 85.9° E.^[2] It has an average elevation of (52 to 39 metres) 48 metres (127 feet).

Geological Profile

The District of Darbhanga can be divided into four natural divisions. The eastern portion consisting of Ghanshyampur, Biraul and Kusheshwarsthan blocks contain fresh silt deposited by the Kosi River. This region was under the influence of Kosi floods till the construction of Kosi embankment in the Second Five Year Plan. It contains large tracts of sandy land covered with wild marsh.

The second division consists of the anchals lying south of the Boorhi Gandak river and is the most fertile area in the district. It is also on higher level than the other part of the district and contains very few marshes. It is well suited to the rabbi crops.

The third natural region is the doab between the Burhi Gandak and Baghmati and consists of the low-lying areas dotted over by chaur and marshes. It gets floods every year. The fourth division covers the Sadar sub-division of the district. This tract is watered by numerous streams and contains some up-lands.

The district has a vast alluvial plain devoid of any hills. There is a gentle slope from north to south with a depression on the centre. Numerous rivers originating in the Himalays water this district. Out of these rivers Kamla, Baghmati, Kosi and Kareh are of most importance. The District has somewhat dry and healthy climate. There are three well-marked seasons, the winter, the summer & the Rainy season. The cold weather begins in November and continues up to February, though March is also somewhat cool. Westerly winds begin to blow in the second half of March and temperature rises considerably. May is the hottest month when the temperature goes up to 107 degree Fahrenheit. Rain sets in towards the middle of June. With the advent of the Rainy seasons, temperature falls and humidity rises. The moist heat of the Rainy season is very oppressive up to August. The rain continues till the middle of October. Average rainfall is 1142.3 mm. around 92% of rainfall is received during monsoon months.

Languages and Religion

The languages spoken in this district is Maithili. Religion-wise breakup of population is indicated below as per 1991 census: Hindus: 19,55,068, Muslims: 5,55,429, Christians: 141, Sikhs: 198, Buddhists: 26, Jains: 27, Other religions and persuasions: 70.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census,^[3] Darbhanga Town had a population of 266,834. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Darbhanga has an average literacy rate of 64%, which is higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 72% and, female literacy is 56%. In Darbhanga, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Education

List of all types of educational institutions in the district:

1. University 2

2. General College(Constituent) 17

3. Sanskrit College(Constituent) 5

4. General College (Affiliated) 26

5. Sanskrit College (Affilated) 0

6. Postal Training Centre (east zone)_1

7. Nurses Training School_1

8. Degree Level Teacher Training College_1

9. Diploma Level Teacher Training College_1

10. Medical College (DMCH) 1

11. Government Polytechnic College 1

12. Industrical Training Institute (ITI) 1

13. Dental College (Private) 4

14. Kendriya Vidyalaya 3

15. Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya 1

16. High School 70

17. Middle School 312

18. Primary School 1165

19. Charwaha Vidyalaya 4(non functional)

20. TBDC Training Centre Darbhanga 1

21. MRM Aurvedic College, Darbhanga 1

22. Mithila Research Institute (Darbhanga) 1

23.Womans Institute of Technology 1

Universities

Two universities recognised by University Grants Commission (of India) and government of India are located in Darbhanga town, adjacent to each other: (1)Kameshwar Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University, (2)Lalit Narayan Mithila University.

Mithila Research Institute in Darbhanga town has a great collection of nearly 50000 old manuscripts.

Colleges in Town

• C. M. Science College, Darbhanga
• C. M College
• Marwari College,
• M.L.S.M College
• K. S. College,
• Millat College,
• M.R.M. College
• Darbhanga Medical College & Hospital
• M.K.College
• M.M.T.M. College
• Women's Institute of Technology
• Lohia Charan Singh College
• R. B. Jalan College,
• Mahatma Ghandhi College,
• Darbhanga Dental College,
• Mithila Minority Dental College,
• Saryug Dental College,
• Dr Zakip Hussaun Teacher's Training College
• Brahmanand Kala Mahavidyalay.
• Maq college
• Marwari college
• Jagarnath Mishra Institute of Technology
• salfia unani medical college

Schools in Town

• Kid Care School
• Holy Cross School
• Jesus And Marry Academy
• Woodbine Modern School
• Darbhanga Central School
• Don Bosco School
• Iqra Academy
• Shafi Muslim High School
• Zila School
• Darbhanga Public School
• Rose Public School
• Public school bela
• Gyan Bharti School
• Maddonna English school
• Harrow english school
• Shemford Schools
• salfia school

High Schools in Town

• H. B. Sogra High Memorial Urdu Girl School, Halim Khan, Darbhanga
• N. B. Zila School.
• M.L.Academy (Sarasvati School), Laheriasarai.
• Raj High school
• Kendriya Vidyalaya AFS.
• Kendriya Vidyalaya 2/3
• Javahar Navodaya Vidyalaya
• Darbhanga Public School, Rambhagh Palace Area
• Government High School, Pindaruch.
• Mithila High School, Makhnahi.
• Atihar high school, Atihar(Berai)
• Sarvoday high School, Gangasagar.
• Purvanchal High School
• Mahip Narayan Middle School
• Shafi Muslim High School
• Mahatma Gandhi Sikhsan Sansthan
• Jesus & Mary Academy
• Muslim high school
• Rose public school
• Bela public school
• Holy Cross school
• Don Bosco School BiBi Paker
• Madonna English School
• Janta High School-Jiwachh Ghat (Muria)
• Mukundi Chaudhari High School
• G.L.J.L. Sahu High School Khirma
• Gyan Bharti Public School
• Iqra Academy, Bibipaker,Laheriasarai,Darbhanga
• Marwari High School,
• L. R Girls High School
• Public School. Lal Bagh,
• WoodBine Public School
• Scoller Public School (Khan Chowk Darbhanga)
• Musa Sah School.

Technical and Research Institution

• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Industrial Training Institute (MAKAITI), Darbhanga
• Mithila Research Institute, Darbhanga
• National Research Centre for Makhana, Darbhanga

Hospitals

• D M C Hospital, DMC Campus
• R B Memorial Hospital, Benta
• Meena Nursing Home, Alalpatti
• Sinha Nursing Home, Ganga Sagar
• Satya Sai Nursing Home, Benta
• Nawab Memorial Hospital, Alapatti
• Anant Arogya Niketan, Benta
• Ram Jaanki Nursing Home, Harahi
• soraj varma nursing Home,Alapatti
• Dr Nand Kumar & Dr Shashi Bala Pd Clinic,Hospital Road
• Agrachal Nursing home, Kadirabad (Dr.P.N.Mishra & Dr.Usha Jha)
• Jyoti Reasearch hospital

Railways

Darbhanga is one of the most important railway stations under the East Central Railway. Darbhanga was the first city to connect with metre gauge track in 1875 of north bihar, when track between Bajitpur<at the banks of ganga>_Darbhanga laid. Later the railway line extended towards eastern side up to Kosi rever(kanwaGhat)<other side of the river was Anchra Ghat linking to Purnia> and East, on west side track was linkd up to Gorakhpur, making whole route as Trunk route. But due to Flood and Kosi's curse change both lines ware broken. Now a bridge on Gandak at Valmikinagar was build to connect West side and another mega bridge on Kosi at Nirmali is under construction which will link Far Eastern region with main land. There are three important railway lines:

• Darbhanga to Samastipur (Broad gauge)
• Darbhanga to Narkatia ganj (Metre gauge).
• Darbhanga to jaynagar (Broad gauage)
• Darbhanga sakri to Biraul<hasanpur/khagaria>.

Direct trains are also available from

• Jaynagar_Darbhanga to Sealdah, Chitpur (Kolkata)(Gangasagar-MithilanchalExp),
• Darbhanga to NewDelhi/Delhi (BiharSampark Kranti, Swatantrata Sainani Exp<sf>),
• Darbhanga to Pune (GyanGangaExp<sf>),
• Darbhanga to (Ltt) Mumbai (PawanExp),
• Darbhanga to Chennai/Bangalore(BagmatiExp<sf>),
• Jaynagar_Darbhanga to Amritser (Shaheed, SaryuYamuna,_JansewaExp),
• Darbhanga to Patna (intercity),
• Darbhanga to Guwahati (Jeewach Exp),
• Darbhanga to Ahmadabad (SabarmtiExp).

Other important towns connected with Darbhanga are: Gorakhpur; Varanasi, Allahabad, Lucknow, Kanpur, NewJalpaiguri, Jhansi, Nagpur, Vijaywada, Ludhiana. Darbhanga to Bangalore city(Bagmathi express) Etc

Railway Stations and Halts

• Darbhanga Jn (Main City Station)
• Laheriasarai (Near Civil Court)
• Kakarghati
• Bijuli halt
• Tarsarai (Muria)
• Thalwara
• Siso Halt
• Mohammadpur
• KAMTAUL
• Tektar
• HAYAGHAT
• Rambhadra Pur
• Jogiara
• Muraitha.
• Mandan mishra halt
• Lohna road

References

1. ^ Cotton, H.E.A., (1909/19800 Calcutta Old and New, pp 335-336, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
2. ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Darbhanga
3. ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.

A portal about Darbhanga