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Cronquist system
A system of plant taxonomy , the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or angiosperms ). This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist (1919-1992) in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (1968; 2nd edition, 1988).
Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida dicotyledons ) and Liliopsida monocotyledons ). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses.
The scheme is still widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, but many botanists are adopting the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II .
The system as laid out in An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) counts 321 families and 64 orders:
References
Subclass Magnoliidae (mostly basal dicots)
Order Magnoliales
Winteraceae Degeneriaceae Himantandraceae Eupomatiaceae Austrobaileyaceae Magnoliaceae (magnolia family)Lactoridaceae Annonaceae Myristicaceae Canellaceae
Order Laurales
Amborellaceae Trimeniaceae Monimiaceae Gomortegaceae Calycanthaceae Idiospermaceae Lauraceae (laurel family)Hernandiaceae
Order Piperales
Chloranthaceae Saururaceae Piperaceae (piper family)
Order Aristolochiales
Aristolochiaceae
Order Illiciales
Illiciaceae Schisandraceae
Order Nymphaeales
Nelumbonaceae Nymphaeaceae Barclayaceae Cabombaceae Ceratophyllaceae
Order Ranunculales
Ranunculaceae Circaeasteraceae Berberidaceae Sargentodoxaceae Lardizabalaceae Menispermaceae Coriariaceae Sabiaceae
Order Papaverales
Papaveraceae Fumariaceae
Subclass Hamamelidae [sic: correctly Hamamelididae
Order Trochodendrales
Tetracentraceae Trochodendraceae
Order Hamamelidales
Cercidiphyllaceae Eupteleaceae Platanaceae Hamamelidaceae Myrothamnaceae
Order Daphniphyllales
Daphniphyllaceae
Order Didymelales
Didymelaceae
Order Eucommiales
Eucommiaceae
Order Urticales
Barbeyaceae Ulmaceae Cannabaceae Moraceae Cecropiaceae Urticaceae
Order Leitneriales
Leitneriaceae
Order Juglandales
Rhoipteleaceae Juglandaceae
Order Myricales
Myricaceae
Order Fagales
Balanopaceae Ticodendraceae Fagaceae Nothofagaceae Betulaceae
Order Casuarinales
Casuarinaceae
Subclass Caryophyllidae
Order Caryophyllales
Phytolaccaceae Achatocarpaceae Nyctaginaceae Aizoaceae Didiereaceae Cactaceae (cactus family)Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Portulacaceae Basellaceae Molluginaceae Caryophyllaceae
Order Polygonales
Polygonaceae
Order Plumbaginales
Plumbaginaceae
Subclass Dilleniidae
Order Dilleniales
Dilleniaceae Paeoniaceae
Order Theales
Ochnaceae Sphaerosepalaceae Sarcolaenaceae Dipterocarpaceae Caryocaraceae Theaceae (tea family)Actinidiaceae Scytopetalaceae Pentaphylacaceae Tetrameristaceae Pellicieraceae Oncothecaceae Marcgraviaceae Quiinaceae Elatinaceae Paracryphiaceae Medusagynaceae Clusiaceae
Order Malvales
Elaeocarpaceae Tiliaceae Sterculiaceae Bombacaceae Malvaceae
Order Lecythidales
Lecythidaceae
Order Nepenthales
Sarraceniaceae Nepenthaceae Droseraceae
Order Violales
Flacourtiaceae Peridiscaceae Bixaceae Cistaceae Huaceae Lacistemataceae Scyphostegiaceae Stachyuraceae Violaceae (violet family)Tamaricaceae (tamarind family)Frankeniaceae Dioncophyllaceae Ancistrocladaceae Turneraceae Malesherbiaceae Passifloraceae Achariaceae Caricaceae Fouquieriaceae Hoplestigmataceae Cucurbitaceae Datiscaceae Begoniaceae Loasaceae
Order Salicales
Salicaceae
Order Capparales
Tovariaceae Capparaceae Brassicaceae Moringaceae Resedaceae
Order Batales
Gyrostemonaceae Bataceae
Order Ericales
Cyrillaceae Clethraceae Grubbiaceae Empetraceae Epacridaceae Ericaceae Pyrolaceae Monotropaceae
Order Diapensiales
Diapensiaceae
Order Ebenales
Sapotaceae Ebenaceae Styracaceae Lissocarpaceae Symplocaceae
Order Primulales
Theophrastaceae Myrsinaceae Primulaceae
Subclass Rosidae
Order Rosales
Brunelliaceae Connaraceae Eucryphiaceae Cunoniaceae Davidsoniaceae Dialypetalanthaceae Pittosporaceae Byblidaceae Hydrangeaceae Columelliaceae Grossulariaceae Greyiaceae Bruniaceae Anisophylleaceae Alseuosmiaceae Crassulaceae Cephalotaceae Saxifragaceae Rosaceae (rose family)Neuradaceae Crossosomataceae Chrysobalanaceae Surianaceae Rhabdodendraceae
Order Fabales
Mimosaceae (mimosa family)Caesalpiniaceae Fabaceae
Order Proteales
Elaeagnaceae Proteaceae
Order Podostemales
Podostemaceae
Order Haloragales
Haloragaceae Gunneraceae
Order Myrtales
Sonneratiaceae Lythraceae Penaeaceae Crypteroniaceae Thymelaeaceae Trapaceae Myrtaceae Punicaceae Onagraceae Oliniaceae Melastomataceae Combretaceae Alzateaceae Memecylaceae Rhyncocalycaceae
Order Rhizophorales
Rhizophoraceae
Order Cornales
Alangiaceae Nyssaceae Cornaceae Garryaceae
Order Santalales
Medusandraceae Dipentodontaceae Olacaceae Opiliaceae Santalaceae Misodendraceae Loranthaceae Viscaceae Eremolepidaceae Balanophoraceae
Order Rafflesiales
Hydnoraceae Mitrastemonaceae Rafflesiaceae
Order Celastrales
Geissolomataceae Celastraceae Hippocrateaceae Stackhousiaceae Salvadoraceae Aquifoliaceae Icacinaceae Aextoxicaceae Cardiopteridaceae Corynocarpaceae Dichapetalaceae Tepuianthaceae
Order Euphorbiales
Buxaceae Simmondsiaceae Pandaceae Euphorbiaceae
Order Rhamnales
Rhamnaceae Leeaceae Vitaceae
Order Linales
Erythroxylaceae Humiriaceae Ixonanthaceae Hugoniaceae Linaceae
Order Polygalales
Malpighiaceae Vochysiaceae Trigoniaceae Tremandraceae Polygalaceae Xanthophyllaceae Krameriaceae
Order Sapindales
Staphyleaceae Melianthaceae Bretschneideraceae Akaniaceae Sapindaceae Hippocastanaceae Aceraceae Burseraceae Anacardiaceae Julianiaceae Simaroubaceae Cneoraceae Meliaceae Rutaceae Zygophyllaceae
Order Geraniales
Oxalidaceae Geraniaceae Limnanthaceae Tropaeolaceae Balsaminaceae
Order Apiales
Araliaceae Apiaceae
Subclass Asteridae
Order Gentianales
Loganiaceae Retziaceae Gentianaceae Saccifoliaceae Apocynaceae Asclepiadaceae
Order Solanales
Duckeodendraceae Nolanaceae Solanaceae Convolvulaceae Cuscutaceae Menyanthaceae Polemoniaceae Hydrophyllaceae Retziaceae
Order Lamiales
Lennoaceae Boraginaceae Verbenaceae Lamiaceae
Order Callitrichales
Hippuridaceae Callitrichaceae Hydrostachyaceae
Order Plantaginales
Plantaginaceae
Order Scrophulariales
Buddlejaceae Oleaceae (olive family)Scrophulariaceae Globulariaceae Myoporaceae Orobanchaceae Gesneriaceae Acanthaceae Pedaliaceae Bignoniaceae Mendonciaceae Lentibulariaceae
Order Campanulales
Pentaphragmataceae Sphenocleaceae Campanulaceae Stylidiaceae Donatiaceae Brunoniaceae Goodeniaceae
Order Rubiales
Rubiaceae Theligonaceae
Order Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae Adoxaceae Valerianaceae Dipsacaceae
Order Calycerales
Calyceraceae
Order Asterales
Asteraceae
Subclass Alismatidae
Order Alismatales
Butomaceae Limnocharitaceae Alismataceae
Order Hydrocharitales
Hydrocharitaceae
Order Najadales
Aponogetonaceae Scheuchzeriaceae Juncaginaceae Potamogetonaceae Ruppiaceae Najadaceae Zannichelliaceae Posidoniaceae Cymodoceaceae Zosteraceae
Order Triuridales
Petrosaviaceae Triuridaceae
Subclass Arecidae
Order Arecales
Arecaceae (palm family)
Order Cyclanthales
Cyclanthaceae
Order Pandanales
Pandanaceae (pandan family)
Order Arales
Acoraceae Araceae Lemnaceae
Subclass Commelinidae
Order Commelinales
Rapateaceae Xyridaceae Mayacaceae Commelinaceae
Order Eriocaulales
Eriocaulaceae
Order Restionales
Flagellariaceae Joinvilleaceae Restionaceae Centrolepidaceae
Order Juncales
Juncaceae Thurniaceae
Order Cyperales
Cyperaceae Poaceae (Grass family)
Order Hydatellales
Hydatellaceae
Order Typhales
Sparganiaceae Typhaceae
Subclass Zingiberidae
Order Bromeliales
Bromeliaceae
Order Zingiberales
Strelitziaceae Heliconiaceae Musaceae Lowiaceae Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)Costaceae Cannaceae Marantaceae
Subclass Liliidae
Order Liliales
Philydraceae Pontederiaceae Haemodoraceae Cyanastraceae Liliaceae (Lily family)Iridaceae (Iris family)Velloziaceae Aloeaceae (Aloe family)Agavaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae Hanguanaceae Taccaceae Stemonaceae Smilacaceae Dioscoreaceae
Order Orchidales
Geosiridaceae Burmanniaceae Corsiaceae Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
