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| Extinction |
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Critically Endangered |
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Organisms with a conservation status of critically endangered have an extremely high risk of becoming extinct.
Contents |
IUCN Category
The World Conservation Union (IUCN), widely considered to be the most objective and authoritative system for classifying species in terms of the risk of extinction[1], lists 3071 species (1528 animals, 1541 plants, 2 fungi) of the world as being critically endangered in their 2006 Red List. Additionally 254 subspecies or varieties are considered critically endangered, and 30 subpopulations or stocks have been assessed with a critical risk of (local) extinction.
Critically endangered is the highest risk category assigned by the IUCN for wild species. Critically endangered means that a species numbers have decreased, or will decrease, by 80% within three generations.[2]
As the IUCN does not consider a species extinct until extensive, targeted surveys have been conducted, species which are possibly extinct are still listed as "Critically Endangered". A new category for "Possibly Extinct" has been suggested by BirdLife International to categorize these taxa.
Mammals
Pilosa
- Pygmy Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus pygmaeus)
Odd-toed ungulates
- African Wild Ass (Equus africanus)
- Black Rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)
- Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)
- Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
Even-toed ungulates
- Giant Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger varani)
- Pygmy hog (Sus salvanius)
- Visayan warty pig (Sus cebifrons)
- Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)
- Père David's Deer (Elaphurus davidianus)
- Addax (Addax nasomaculatus)
- Aders' Duiker (Cephalophus adersi)
- Kouprey (Bos sauveli)
- Tamaraw or Tamarou (Bubalus mindorensis)
- Hirola (Damaliscus hunteri)
- Walia Ibex or Ethiopian ibex (Capra walie)
- Dama Gazelle (Gazella dama)
- Przewalski's Gazelle (Procapra przewalskii)
- Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis)
- Saiga Antelope (Saiga tatarica)
- Wisent or European Bison (Bison Bonasus)
Cetacea
- Vaquita (Phocoena sinus)
- Baiji (Lepotes Vexillifer)
- Hector's Dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori)
Carnivores
- Northern Kit Fox (vulpes velox hebes)
- Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis)
- Darwin's Fox (Pseudalopex fulvipes)
- Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
- Malabar civet (Viverra civettina)
- Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus)
- Red wolf (Canis rufus)
- Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica)
- Amur Leopard (Panthera Pardus Oriëntalis)
- Siberian Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)
- Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)
- Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
Bats
- Bulmer's fruit bat (Aproteles bulmerae)
- Gallagher's free-tailed bat (Chaerephon gallagheri)
- Chaerephon tomensis
- Seychelles sheath-tailed bat (Coleura seychellensis)
- Lamotte's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros lamottei)
- Hipposideros neguam
- Peters's tube-nosed bat (Murina grisea)
- Murina tenebrosa
- Myotis cobanensis
- Myotis planiceps
- Nyctimene rabori
- Wroughton's free-tailed bat (Otomops wroughtoni)
- Vietnam leaf-nosed bat (Paracoelops megalotis)
- New Guinea big-eared bat (Pharotis imogene)
- Anthony's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus anthonyi)
- Joffre's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus joffrei)
- Fijian monkey-faced bat (Mirimiri acrodonta) - formerly in Pteralopex
- Bougainville monkey-faced bat (Pteralopex anceps)
- Guadalcanal monkey-faced bat (Pteralopex atrata)
- Montane monkey-faced bat (Pteralopex pulchra)
- Aldabra Flying Fox (Pteropus aldabrensis)
- Pteropus insularis
- Pteropus livingstonii
- Pteropus molossinus
- Pteropus phaecocephalus
- Pteropus pselaphon
- Pteropus rodricensis
- Rhinolophus convexus
- Rhinolophus hilli
- Scotophilus borboniscus
- Taphozous troughtoni
Primates
- Blue-eyed Black Lemur Eulemur macaco flavifrons
- Variegated spider monkey (Ateles hybridus)
- Northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)
- Coimbra's titi (Callicebus coimbrai)
- Yellow-breasted capuchin (Cebus xanthosternos)
- Golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli)
- Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus)
- Brazilian bare-faced tamarin (Saguinus bicolor)
- Dealacour langur (Trachypithecus delacouri)
- White-headed langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus)
- Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
- Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli)
- Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei)
- Pagai Island Macaque (Macaca pagensis)
- Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey (Oreonax flavicauda)
- Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelli)
- Eastern Red Colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus)
- Golden bamboo lemur (Hapalemur aureus)
- Greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus)
- Silvery gibbon (Hylobates moloch)
- Superagui Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara)
- Black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus)
- Eastern black crested gibbon (Nomascus nasutus)
Lagomorphs
- Riverine rabbit (Bunolagus monticularuis)
- Sumatran Rabbit (Nesolagus netscheri)
- Omilteme cottontail (Sylvilagus insonus)
- Helan Shan Pika (Ochotona argentata)
- (Ochotona pallasi hamica)
- (Ochotona thibetana sikimaria)
Marsupials
- Bolivian Gracile Opossum (Gracilianus aceramarcae)
- Anderson's Mouse Opossum (Marmosa andersoni)
- Handley's Slender Mouse Opossum (Marmosops handleyi)
- Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii)
- Gilbert's Potoroo (Potorous gilbertii)
Seals
- Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus)
Insectivores
- Hantu Water Shrew (Chimarrogale hantu)
- Sumatran Water Shrew (Chimarrogale sumatrana)
- Somali Golden Mole (Chlorotalpa tytonis)
- Visagie's Golden Mole (Chrysochloris visagiei)
- Harenna Shrew (Crocidura harenna)
- De Winton's Golden Mole (Cryptochloris wintoni)
- Negros Shrew (Crocidura negrina)
- Sao Tomé Shrew (Crocidura thomensis)
- Wimmer's Shrew (Crocidura wimmeri)
- Van Zyl's Golden Mole (Cryptochloris zyl)
- Small-toothed Mole (Euroscaptor parvidens)
- Dwarf Gymnure (Hylomys parvus)
- Tree Shrew Tenrec (Microgale dryas)
- Eisentraut's Mouse Shrew (Myosorex eisentrauti)
- Rumpi Mouse Shrew (Myosorex rumpii)
- Gansu Shrew (Sorex cansulus)
- Kozlov's Shrew (Sorex kozlovi)
- Salenski's Shrew (Soriculus salenskii)
- Black Shrew (Suncus ater)
Crocodilians
Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis)
Indian Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
Philippine Crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis)
Fish
- Alabama sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi)
- Coelacanth
- Common sawfish (Pristis pristis)
- Daggernose shark (Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus)
- Dumb gulper shark (Centrophorus harrissoni)
- Dwarf sawfish also called Queensland sawfish (Pristis clavata)
- Dwarf loach (Yasuhikotakia sidthimunki)
- Dwarf pygmy goby (Pandaka pygmaea)
- Ganges shark (Glyphis gangeticus)
- Giant sea bass (Stereolepis gigas)
- Goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara)
- Knifetooth sawfish also called pointed sawfish, (Anoxypristis cuspidata)
- Large-tooth sawfish (Pristis microdon)
- Longcomb sawfish (Pristis zijsron)
- Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas)
- Pondicherry shark (Carcharhinus hemiodon)
- Smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata)
- Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii)
- Angelshark (Squatina squatina)
- Striped smooth-hound (Mustelus fasciatus)
- Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi)
Fungi
- Boreal Felt Lichen (Erioderma pedicellatum)
- Pleurotus nebrodensis
Birds
- Alaotra Grebe (Tachybaptus rufolavatus)
- Black-hooded Coucal (Centropus steerii)
- California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus)
- Chatham Island Shag (Phalacrocorax onslowi)
- Christmas Island frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi)
- Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis)
- Jamaican Pauraque (Siphonorhis americana)
- Junín Grebe (Podiceps taczanowskii)
- Magdalena Tinamou (Crypturellus saltuarius)
- New Caledonian Owlet-nightjar (Aegotheles savesi)
- Okarito Brown Kiwi (Apteryx rowi)
- Puerto Rican Nightjar (Caprimulgus noctitherus)
- Red-headed Vulture (Sarcogyps calvus)
- Sulu Hornbill (Anthracoceros montani)
- Sumatran Ground Cuckoo (Carpococcyx viridis)
- Tuamoto Kingfisher (Todiramphus gambieri)
- Writhed-billed Hornbill (Aceros waldeni)
Anseriformes
- Brazilian Merganser (Mergus octosetaceus)
- Campbell Island Teal (Anas nesiotis)
- Crested Shelduck (Tadorna cristata)
- Laysan Duck (Anas laysanensis)
- Madagascar Pochard (Aythya innotata)
- Pink-headed Duck (Netta caryophyllacea)
Apodiformes
- Black-breasted Puffleg (Eriocnemis nigrivestis)
- Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird (Amazilia castaneiventris)
- Colorful Puffleg (Eriocnemis mirabilis)
- Dusky Starfrontlet (Coeligena orina)
- Gorgeted Puffleg (Eriocnemis isabellae)
- Honduran Emerald (Amazilia luciae)
- Juan Fernández Firecrown (Sephanoides fernandensis)
- Purple-backed Sunbeam (Aglaeactis aliciae)
- Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird (Lepidopyga lilliae)
- Short-crested Coquette (Lophornis brachylophus)
Charadriiformes
- Black Stilt (Himantopus novaezelandiae)
- Chinese Crested Tern (Thalasseus bernsteini)
- Eskimo Curlew (Numenius borealis)
- Javanese Lapwing (Vanellus macropterus)
- Jerdon's Courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus)
- Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris)
- Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris)
- Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius)
- St Helena Plover (Charadrius sanctaehelenae)
Ciconiiformes
- California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus)
- Dwarf Olive Ibis (Bostrychia bocagei)
- Giant Ibis (Thaumatibis gigantea)
- Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita)
- White-bellied Heron (Ardea insignis)
- White-shouldered Ibis (Pseudibis davisoni)
Columbiformes
- Blue-eyed Ground-dove (Columbina cyanopis)
- Grenada Dove (Leptotila wellsi)
- Marquesan Imperial Pigeon (Ducula galeata)
- Mindoro Bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba platenae)
- Negros Bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba keayi)
- Negros Fruit-dove (Ptilinopus arcanus)
- Polynesian Ground-dove (Gallicolumba erythroptera)
- Purple-winged Ground Dove (Claravis godefrida)
- Silvery Pigeon (Columba argentina)
- Sulu Bleeding-heart (Gallicolumba menagei)
Falconiformes
- Cuban Kite (Chondrohierax wilsonii)
- Indian Vulture (Gyps indicus)
- Madagascar Fish-eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides)
- Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)
- Ridgway's Hawk (Buteo ridgwayi)
- Slender-billed Vulture (Gyps tenuirostris)
- White-collared Kite (Leptodon forbesi)
- White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis)
Galliformes
- Blue-Billed Curassow (Crax alberti)
- Djibouti Francolin (Francolinus ochropectus)
- Gorgeted Wood-quail (Odontophorus strophium)
- Himalayan Quail (Ophrysia superciliosa)
- Trinidad Piping-Guan (Pipile pipile)
- White-winged Guan (Penelope albipennis)
Gruiformes
- Bengal Florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis)
- Makira Moorhen (Gallinula silvestris)
- New Caledonian Rail (Gallirallus lafresnayanus)
- Samoan Moorhen (Gallinula pacifica)
- Siberian Crane (Grus leucogeranus)
Passeriformes
- 'Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi)
- 'Akohekohe (Palmeria dolei)
- Alagoas Antwren (Myrmotherula snowi)
- Alagoas Foliage-gleaner (Philydor novaesi)
- Araripe Manakin (Antilophia bokermanni)
- Archer's Lark (Heteromirafra archeri)
- Azores Bullfinch (Pyrrhula murina)
- Bachman's Warbler (Vermivora bachmanii)
- Bahia Tapaculo (Scytalopus psychopompus)
- Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi)
- Banggai Crow (Corvus unicolor)
- Belding's Yellowthroat (Geothlypis beldingi)
- Black-chinned Monarch (Monarcha boanensis)
- Blue-crowned Laughingthrush (Garrulax courtoisi)
- Bulo Burti Boubou (Laniarius liberatus)
- Caerulean Paradise-flycatcher (Eutrichomyias rowleyi)
- Carrizal Seedeater (Amaurospiza carrizalensis)
- Cebu Flowerpecker (Dicaeum quadricolor)
- Cherry-throated Tanager (Nemosia roure)
- Cone-billed Tanager (Conothraupis mesoleuca)
- Cozumel Thrasher )Toxostoma guttatum)
- Entre Ríos Seedeater (Sporophila zelichi)
- Faichuk White-eye (Rukia ruki)
- Fatuhiva Monarch (Pomarea whitneyi)
- Golden White-eye (Cleptornis marchei)
- Guadalupe Junco (Junco insularis)
- Gurney's Pitta (Pitta gurneyi)
- Hooded Seedeater (Sporophila melanops)
- Iquitos Gnatcatcher (Polioptila clementsi)
- Isabela Oriole (Oriolus isabellae)
- Kaempfer's Tody-tyrant (Hemitriccus kaempferi)
- Kinglet Calyptura (Calyptura cristata)
- Liberian Greenbul (Phyllastrephus leucolepis)
- Long-billed Tailorbird (Apalis moreaui)
- Mangrove Finch (Camarhynchus heliobates)
- Masafuera Rayadito (Aphrastura masafuerae)
- Mauritius Fody (Foudia rubra)
- Mauritius Olive White-eye (Zosterops chloronothus)
- Millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris)
- Minas Gerais Tyrannulet (Phylloscartes roquettei)
- Montserrat Oriole (Icterus oberi)
- Munchique Wood-wren (Henicorhina negreti)
- Niceforo's Wren (Thryothorus nicefori)
- Nihoa Finch (Telespiza ultima)
- Nukupu'u (Hemignathus lucidus)
- O'ahu 'Alauahio (Paroreomyza maculata)
- Oloma'o (Myadestes lanaiensis)
- Pale-headed Brush-finch (Atlapetes pallidiceps)
- Pohnpei Starling (Aplonis pelzelni)
- Poʻo-uli (Melamprosops phaeosoma)
- Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri)
- Raso Lark (Alauda razae)
- Restinga Antwren (Formicivora littoralis)
- Rio de Janeiro Antwren (Myrmotherula fluminensis)
- Rondônia Bushbird (Clytoctantes atrogularis)
- Rota Bridled White-eye (Zosterops rotensis)
- Royal Cinclodes (Cinclodes aricomae)
- Rueck's Blue-flycatcher (Cyornis ruckii)
- Sangihe Shrike-thrush (Colluricincla sanghirensis)
- Sangihe White-eye (Zosterops nehrkorni)
- São Tomé Fiscal (Lanius newtoni)
- São Tomé Grosbeak (Neospiza concolor)
- Semper's Warbler (Leucopeza semperi)
- Seychelles Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone corvina)
- Socorro Mockingbird (Mimodes graysoni)
- Somali Thrush (Turdus ludoviciae)
- Stresemann's Bristlefront (Merulaxis stresemanni)
- Tahiti Monarch (Pomarea nigra)
- Taita Apalis (Apalis fuscigularis)
- Taita Thrush (Turdus helleri)
- Uluguru Bushshrike (Malaconotus alius)
- White-chested White-eye (Zosterops albogularis)
- White-eyed River-martin (Eurochelidon sirintarae)
Piciformes
- Imperial Woodpecker (Campephilus imperialis)
- Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis)
- Kaempfer's Woodpecker (Celeus obrieni)
- Okinawa Woodpecker (Dendrocopos noguchii)
Procellariiformes
- Amsterdam Albatross (Diomedea amsterdamensis)
- Balearic Shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus)
- Beck's Petrel (Pseudobulweria becki)
- Chatham Albatross (Thalassarche eremita)
- Chatham Petrel (Pterodroma axillaris)
- Fiji Petrel (Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi)
- Galápagos Petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia)
- Guadalupe Storm-petrel (Oceanodroma macrodactyla)
- Jamaica Petrel (Pterodroma caribbaea)
- Magenta Petrel (Pterodroma magentae)
- Mascarene Petrel (Pseudobulweria aterrima)
- New Zealand Storm-petrel (Oceanites maorianus)
- Townsend's Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis)
- Waved Albatross (Phoebastria irrorata)
Psittaciformes
- Blue-fronted Lorikeet (Charmosyna toxopei)
- Blue-throated Macaw (Ara glaucogularis; previously Ara caninde)
- Fuertes's Parrot (Hapalopsittaca fuertesi)
- Glaucous Macaw, (Anodorhynchus glaucus)
- Grey-breasted Parakeet (Pyrrhura griseipectus)
- Indigo-winged Parrot (Hapalopsittaca fuertesi)
- Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus)
- Lear's Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari)
- Malherbe's Parakeet (Cyanoramphus malherbi)
- New Caledonian Lorikeet (Charmosyna diadema)
- Night Parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis)
- Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster)
- Puerto Rican Parrot (Amazona vittata)
- Red-throated Lorikeet (Charmosyna amabilis)
- Red-vented Cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia)
- Spix's Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii)
- Yellow-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea)
- Yellow-eared Parrot (Ognorhynchus icterotis)
Strigiformes
- Anjouan Scops Owl (Otus capnodes)
- Forest Owlet (Athene blewitti)
- Grand Comoro Scops-owl (Otus pauliani)
- Moheli Scops Owl (Otus moheliensis)
- Pernambuco Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium mooreorum)
- Siau Scops Owl (Otus siaoensis)
See also
References
- ^ Birds on the IUCN Red List. BirdLife International. Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
- ^ Apes extinct in a generation. BBS. Retrieved on 2005-09-01.
